Term
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Definition
1. Company colonies-nominally controlled from England and organized for profit (Virginia-London Company & Massachusetts Bay Colony-Massachusetts Bay Company
2. Proprietary colonies-controlled by royal favorites securing grants from the king (Maryland-Lord Baltimore & New Hampshire-John Mason & New Jersey-Berkley and Carteret & Carolinas-group & New York-Duke of York & Pennsylvania-William Penn & Georgia-James Olgethorpe)
3. Corporate colonies-own charters; self-governing (Connecticut & Rhode Island) |
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Term
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Definition
1. New England (Maritime)-diversified farming, fishing, commerce ship building, manufacturing of textiles, leather goods, iron wares and run
2. Middle colonies(Provision)-farming, fur trading, and manufacturing
3. South (Plantations)-tobacco, rice, indigo and naval stores |
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Term
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Definition
1. Freeholds
2. Semi-Feudal Patroonships
3. Manors
4. Plantations |
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Term
| French and Indian War (1754-63) |
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Definition
French and Indians vs. England, Colonies and Iroquois
England is led by William Pitt
Ends with Peace of Paris and says England get everything east of the Mississippi River besides New Orleans |
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Term
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Definition
1. Favorable balance of trade
2. Supply gold and silver
3. Possession of colonies as a source of raw materials |
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Term
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Definition
| Colonies discuss the threat of the Indian and French |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowered the duty on molasses to oppose smuggling |
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Term
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Definition
| Forbade issuance of money |
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Term
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Definition
| Revenue stamps on newspaper, legal documents, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allowed quartering of soldiers on populace to reduce army expenditure |
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Term
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Definition
Led by Samuel Adams and Paul Revere
Would tar and feather tax collectors |
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Term
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Definition
| Gave England the right to tax colonies at will |
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Term
| The Townshend Duties (1767) |
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Definition
| Levies on tea, glass, paper, painters' color, and lead |
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Term
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Definition
| Colonist and British soldiers got into a feud and 3 people dies immediately (one was Crispus Attucks) and one later |
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Term
| Committees of Correspondence |
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Definition
Started by Samuel Adams
kept the colonies in contact with each other |
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Term
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Definition
Gave a monopoly to the East India Company on tea
Response is the Boston Tea Party |
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Term
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Definition
Response to Tea Act
Colonist dressed up as Indians and threw tea off the Boston Harbor
British responded with Intolerable Acts |
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Term
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Definition
| Close the port of Boston and forbade town meetings |
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Term
| First Continental Congress |
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Definition
1. reject Galloway's conciliatory plan of union
2. sent list of grievances to King and Parliament
3. created associations to boycott trade with England |
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Term
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Definition
| First battles of the Revolutionary War in April 1775 |
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Term
| Second Continental Congress |
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Definition
Met in May 1775
1. began to create a national government
2. made George Washington commander-in-chief of the Continental Army
3. emphasized the war was not for independence |
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Term
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Definition
Inspired by R.H. Lee's resolution Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the Declaration of Independence
John Hancock signed it firs
Passed on July 4, 1776 |
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Term
| Battle of Yorktown (1781) |
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Definition
| Final battle of the Revoltuionary War where Cornwallis surrender and America won |
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Term
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Definition
1. US independence was recognized
2. Boundaries placed at the Mississippi
3. Free Navigation of Mississippi was open to US
4. Congress has to recommend states restore the Tory property
5. Debts due to British creditors must be paid |
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Term
| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
Made by Second Continental Congress in 1777 and adopted in 1781
Problems:
1. didn't provide for a judiciary or strong executive
2. didn't give power to raise an army
3. didn't give control over foreign or interstate commerce |
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Term
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Definition
| Divided the Northwest Territory into towns |
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Term
| Northwest Ordinances of 1787 |
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Definition
| Barred slavery in the Northwest |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of debtors tried to prevent the courts from foreclosing mortgages |
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Term
| Annapolis Convention (1786) |
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Definition
| Alexander Hamilton told all the states to meet up in Philadelphia in May 1787 |
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Term
| Philadelphia Convention (1787) |
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Definition
George Washington was chairmen
Two plans:
Virginia (big state) Plan-2 houses based on population (Emund Randolph)
New Jersey (little state) Plan-one house equal for all states (William Paterson)
The Connecticut Compromise-one house based on population and one equal for all states |
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Term
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Definition
Created a federal republic based on a separation of powers, checks and balances, protection of private property, and of the interest of minorities
Some states didn't want to ratify because there was no bill of rights |
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Term
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Definition
President-George Washington
Secretary of State-Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury-Alexander Hamilton |
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Term
| Hamilton's Financial Plan |
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Definition
1. assumption of state debts
2. funding of consolidated debts
3. import duties and excise taxes
4. establish First Bank of the US
5. encouragement of manfuacturing |
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Term
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Definition
| A bunch of farmers were angry about the tax on whiskey and rebelled |
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Term
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Definition
| British had to surrender their fur posts |
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Term
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Definition
| Treaty with Spain that defined the border as the 31st parallel and freedom to use the Mississippi River |
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Term
| First Congressional Parties |
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Definition
Democratic-Republican-party of Jefferson, anti-Hamilton, mostly Southerners and Westerners and some rural people in the North (also favored France in foreign policy)
Federalists-more commercial people mostly in the East, merchants and manufacturers (favored England) |
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Term
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Definition
| Talleyrand demanded a bribe for a favorable condition with France |
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Term
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Definition
| changed minimum residency requirement from 4 to 14 years |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed the President to deport any alien he considers dangerous |
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Term
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Definition
| Anyone who says something bad about the government can be imprisoned |
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Term
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798) |
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Definition
| Jefferson and Madison said states could nullify any law passed by the Federal government |
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Term
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Definition
1. refused to deliver commissions to Adams' "midnight appointments"
2. economized in government spending
3. cut the size of the army and navy |
|
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Term
| Louisiana Purchase (1803) |
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Definition
Purchased from Napoleon
Jefferson wasn't sure if it was constitutional (strict reader of constitution) but couldn't pass up the deal |
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Term
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Definition
| closed American ports to certain British products |
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Term
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Definition
| closed American ports to everyone (very bad economically) |
|
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Term
| Non-Intercourse Act (1809) |
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Definition
| The US can trade with anyone but France and England |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by War Hawks
We are losing by a lot and British even burn down the White House
Make Treaty of Ghent to end the war (1814)
Jackson didn't know and kept fighting and won in New Orleans |
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Term
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Definition
Important ones: Clay, Calhoun & Grundy
wanted to fight England to:
1. capture Canada
2. possibly get Florida (Spain was an English ally) |
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Term
| Hartford Convention (1814) |
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Definition
Constitutional amendments to reduce the power of the south
anti-war |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the first federally supported major roads |
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Term
| Calhoun's Bonus Bill (1817) |
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Definition
| Set aside money for national improvements |
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Term
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Definition
John Marshall's Supreme Court was strengthening the power of the federal government though a few decisions:
1. Marbury vs. Madison-act of congress unconstitutional
2. Fletcher vs. Peck-state legislature unconstitutional
3. McCulloch vs. Maryland-state can't tax federal government and upheld Second National Bank
4. Dartmouth College vs. Woodward-charters are contracts and can't be violated
5. Gibbons vs. Ogden-interstate waterways were under congressional control |
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Term
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Definition
| James Monroe is elected and unopposed |
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Term
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Definition
Written by Henry Clay
1. tariff protection
2. internal improvements
3. sale of western land |
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Term
| John Quincy Adams as Secratary of State |
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Definition
1. Convention with Great Britain-joint occupation of Oregon
2. Treaty with Spain-secured Florida
3. Monroe Doctrine |
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Term
|
Definition
1. America is no longer subject to colonization
2. America's political system is independent and different from Europe's
3. If Europe tries to spread its political system America will see it as a threat
4. America will not interfere with European stuff |
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Term
| Missouri Compromise (1820) |
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Definition
1. Maine is a new free state
2. Missouri is a new slave state
3. Everything above 36,30 is free (besides Missouri) |
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Term
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Definition
| called "Corrupt Bargain" because went to congress and Adams and Clay made a deal that Clay would become Secretary of State if he makes Adams win, and Jackson loses |
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Term
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Definition
| Unofficial political advisers under Jackson |
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Term
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Definition
| If someone helps with your campaign you fire everyone in office and give them a job (encouraged people to become involved in politics) |
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Term
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Definition
| Some girl Calhoun thought was a whore but she was friendly with Jackson's wife |
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Term
| Webster-Hayne Debate (1830) |
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Definition
Caused by Foote's Resolution
Argued about the nature of the Union |
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Term
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Definition
1. would lower the tariff by 1842
2. allowed the president to send troops to collect taxes (Force Bill) |
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Term
| The bank during Jackson's time |
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Definition
Clay wanted the bank, but Jackson vetoed it because he thought it was unconstitutional and only helped the rich
Roger Taney withdrew the banks funds and made smaller pet banks but the caused inflation
Jackson tried to stop inflation with Specie Circular (1836) which made everyone pay for land in gold and silver |
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Term
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Definition
Moses Austion got a grant from the Mexicans and then died and his son Miles Austin brought people there
Heroic fighting at the Alamo, the capture of SAnta Anna at San Jacinte got Texas its independence
Polk won the election and was going to annex Texas, so Tyler wanted to be famous and did it first |
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Term
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Definition
| was a popular slogan about Oregon, but we settled for the 49th parallel in the Treaty of 1846 |
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Term
| Mexican American War (1846-8) |
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Definition
Slidell was sent to buy California from Mexico, they say fuck you, we send Zachary Taylor to occupy the disputed territory, Polk declares war, Kearney captures Santa Fey, Freemont captures California and set up the "Bear Flag" Republic
End with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo by Trist |
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Term
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) |
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Definition
Arranged by Trist
1. Mexico gives up all of the Rio Grande
2. US gets California and New Mexico
3. US pays $15 million to Mexico |
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Term
|
Definition
When we get California we immediately discover gold in Sutter's Creek
a lot of people go and are poor so must stay or get really rich and don't want to leave
a lot of Chinese come |
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Term
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Definition
Established by Joseph Smith
were disliked because allowed polygamy
Brigham Young brought all of them to Utah and it became a territory |
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Term
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Definition
| Bought flat land to build a railroad to the west |
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Term
| American Colonization Society |
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Definition
| Hoped slaves would go back to Liberia if they were freed, Marcus Garvey was the leader |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrote the Liberator and wanted the immediate freedom of slaves |
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Term
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Definition
called for the immediate freedom of slaves
James Birney was there candidate |
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Term
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Definition
| opposed extension of slavery |
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Term
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Definition
Harriet Tubman was a former slave and called the Moses of the underground railroad
they brought people to the north but mostly Canada |
|
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Term
| Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831) |
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Definition
| Nat Turner was a former slaves who led a rebellion and killed a lot of slave owners |
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Term
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Definition
| prevented anti-slavery petitions from reaching the floor |
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Term
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Definition
| said slavery should not exist in new Mexican territory |
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Term
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Definition
Written by Henry Clay (the great compromiser)
1. California is a free state
2. slave trade is abolished in Washington DC
3. New Mexico and Utah vote on whether they want slavery
4. strong Fugitive Slave law
5. New Mexico gets part of Texas' land |
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Term
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) |
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Definition
Sponsored by Stephen Douglas
repealed the Missouri Compromise of 36,30 and said the states should vote whether they want slavery
causes Bleeding Kansas and more abolitionism (Republican party) |
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Term
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Definition
| the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
| He encouraged violence against slave owners and had an unsuccessful raid on the arsenal at Harper's Ferry |
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Term
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Definition
Lincoln lost but became known
Douglas slipped and said something abolitionist and the south got angry and he lost his chance to become president |
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Term
| Confederate States of America |
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Definition
Six weeks after Lincoln was elected South Carolina seceded, followed by Louisiana, Texas, Georgia, Alabama, Florida and Mississippi
Attempted to compromise Crittiden Proposals and Virginia Peace Convention |
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Term
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Definition
| The bases in the South technically belong to the government but were in the south so the south said it was thee was the union soldiers didn't leave and the south tried to overtake fort sumter in the first battle of the civil war (April 1861) |
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Term
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Definition
North had more troops, South had better trained troops
North had more resources and industrial capacities, South had cotton
North needed to be on the offensive and had less motivation because a lot of Northerners didn't care if the South seceded, South needed to just defend and knew the land and were fighting for their rights |
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Term
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Definition
| The Ulysses S Grant accepted Robert E Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House (April 1865) |
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Term
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Definition
Lincoln wanted a gradual, compensated emancipation, but after the Battle of Antietam he said he free everyone on January 1, 1863 in the Emancipation Proclamation
The slaves were really freed by the 13th Amendment (1865) which prohibited slavery in the US |
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Term
| Finances of the Civil War |
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Definition
North-greenbacks (legal tender), taxation, and borrowing
South-taxes, bonds and paper money |
|
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Term
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Definition
| was a British ship with Confederate commissioners, Slidell and Mason, which the Union stopped and took them as prisoners |
|
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Term
| Lincoln's 10% Plan (1863) |
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Definition
| It decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 percent of the 1860 vote count from that state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation. The next step in the process would be for the states to formally elect a state government. Also, a state legislature could write a new constitution, but it also had to abolish slavery forever. |
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Term
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Definition
| the bill made re-admittance to the Union for former Confederate states contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the Ironclad oath to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy. The bill passed both houses of Congress but was pocket vetoed by Lincoln and never took effect. |
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Term
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Definition
On April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Ford's Theater in Washington
Many Republican's celebrated because now that Andrew Johnson was president they could manipulate him (couldn't) |
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Term
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Definition
1. citizenship for all people born or naturalized in the US
2. reduction in registration for states who deny blacks' right to vote
3. disqualification of ex-Confederate leaders
4. repudiation of the Confederate debt |
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Term
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Definition
| Aimed to protect negroes' rights |
|
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Term
| Reconstruction Acts (1867) |
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Definition
1. divided 10 unreconstructed states into 5 military districts
2. called for constitutional convention elected by Negroes and loyal whites to frame constitutions providing for Negro suffrage
3. must ratify the 14th Amendment |
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Term
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Definition
| was removed as Secretary of War for violating the Tenure of Office Acts and then congress got mad at Johnson and impeached him but didn't remove him (after this Johnson didn't do anything) |
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Term
| Secret Organizations after the Civil War |
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Definition
| Ku Klux Klan and Knights of the White Camelia prevented the free exercise of negro rights were responded to with the Ku Klux Klan Acts (1870,1871) |
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Term
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Definition
| Northerners who came to the South to capitalize on the struggling economy (pejorative term) |
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Term
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Definition
| Southern whites who supported Reconstruction usually for self-interest and personal gain |
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Term
| General Amnesty Act (1872) |
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Definition
1. removed Confederate political disabilities
2. withdrew all troops from the South |
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Term
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Definition
| military tribunal cannot operate where civil courts are open |
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Term
|
Definition
| Federal and state loyalty oaths |
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Term
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Definition
| US bonds owned by Texas since 1850 had been illegally sold by the Confederate state legislature during the American Civil War and the states had never secceeded |
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Term
| Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) |
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Definition
| General Custer and his entire army were killed in the war to clear the Black Hills |
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Term
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Definition
| Citizenship to any Indian who pledged alliance to the US and not their tribe |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Mining Frontier (1849-80)-in California, Colorado, Nevada and South Dakota-mining camps and vigilante committees
Cattle Frontier/Kingdom-in the Great Plains-characterized by cowboys and cattle barons
Farmer's Frontier-was exoabded by the Homestead Act which gave farmers 160 acres of land if they stayed their for 5 years and Morrill Act established agricultural colleges |
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Term
| Agricultural Growth in late 1800s |
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Definition
1. influx of European Immigrants
2. new agricultural machinery to make it more efficient
3. increase demand for wheat |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Union Pacific go a charter to build a railroad west from Nebraska
2. Central Pacific got a charter to build a railroad east from California
the two met in Ogden, Utah |
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Term
|
Definition
caused by failure of the Jay Cooke Company depressed agriculture prices
agrarian recovery was slow because of:
1. world increase in wheat prduction
2. high tariffs
3. high taxes
4. high rates for storage and shipping of grain
5. inadequate farmer organization |
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|
Term
| Patrons of Husbandry/Grangers (1867) |
|
Definition
Established by Oliver Kelley to spread good fellowship and agricultural knowledge among lonely farmers
Granges became political clubs where farmers could hang out
Granger Laws were passed in some states which made fixed railroad and elevator prices (upheld in Munn vs. Illinois (1877)) |
|
|
Term
| National Labor Union (1866) |
|
Definition
Established by William Sylvis
tried to combined all the union in America
was broken up because of leader disputes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Started by Uriah Stephens
included skilled and unskilled workers
based on industrial
1. 8 hour day
2. income and inheritance tax
3. equal pay for equal work for both sexes
4. prohibition of contract labor
5. government ownership of railroads and telegraph lines
broken up because of unsuccessful strikes |
|
|
Term
| American Federation of Labor (1886) |
|
Definition
was the The Federation of Organized Trade and Labor Unions and started by Gompers and Strasser
based on craft
concentrated on hours, wages and working conditions |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Granted suffrage to Negroes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fisk and Gould were in charge of the gold and caused a financial panic (under Grant administration) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| In Tammany Hall, Boss Tweed stole a lot of money and got immigrants to vote for him and then took their money |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Public officials increased their salary by 50% (under Grant) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. Sunborn Contracts (1874)-get commission for collecting internal revenue claims
2. Whiskey Ring (1875)-revenue collectors and distillers defrauded tax paments
3. Belknap Scandal (1876)-Belknap stole money from indians |
|
|
Term
| Hayes-Tilden Election/Election of 1876 |
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Definition
| Tilden needed on more vote to win in the electoral college (had majority of popular vote) and their were 20 disputed votes and Hayes got all of them |
|
|
Term
| Stalwarts, Half-breeds and Mugwumps |
|
Definition
3 wings of the republican party
1. Stalwarts-led by Roscoe Conkling-in favor of the spoils system
2. Halfbreads-led by James Blaine-wanted to give out the jobs and fix the spoils system
3. Mugwumps-wanted to get rid of the spoils system completely |
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Term
|
Definition
1. pools-divided markets, set prices and controlled output
2. trusts-brought companies together and turned their stocks over to a board of trustees
3. holding companies-incorporated specifically to own stocks in other corporations |
|
|
Term
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) |
|
Definition
| Made trusts and other combinations illegal and subject to persecution |
|
|
Term
| Interstate Commerce Commission (1887) |
|
Definition
| the Interstate Commerce Commission controlled and regulated railroads |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. black list-stigmatized union members
2. yellow dog contracts-non-union membership was a condition of employments
3. spies and detectives-reported union activities and strike preparations
4. the in junction-court order used to stop boycotts, strikes or picketing |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Railroad Strike of 1877-began on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, ended with Hayes sending federal troops
2. Haymarket Affair-a bomb was thrown into a Chicago strike meeting
3. Homestead Strike-against Carnagie's steel company, broke the iron and steel workers unions after battle between strikers and the Pinkerton Man
4. Pullman Strike-resulted in the Refusal of Eugene V Debbs's American Railway Union members to handle trains carrying Pullman's cars |
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Term
| Money Problems in the late 1800s |
|
Definition
1. Resumption Act-made greenbacks redeemable again-led to the creation of the Green-Back party who opposed greenbacks
2. Free SIlver Movement-wanted to inflate the currency, then they found silver and the government started using it for coins, 16 to 1, silver to gold, on the market it was 20 to 1 so government was making money, called "Crime of 73", Bland-Allison act said the government would purchase a lot silver |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Agricultural Wheel, Northwestern Alliance, and the National Farmers' Alliance
couldn't consolidate because of North and South conflicting views, especially about blacks |
|
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Term
|
Definition
The Omaha Platform:
1. fee and unlimited coinage of silver
2. abolition of national bank
3. postal savings
4. graduated income tax
5. government ownership of railroads and telephone and telegraph lines |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Nominate James Weaver
The Omaha Platform:
1. fee and unlimited coinage of silver
2. abolition of national bank
3. postal savings
4. graduated income tax
5. government ownership of railroads and telephone and telegraph lines |
|
|
Term
| Strengthening of Populist Party |
|
Definition
the party was strengthened by:
1. business dislocation accompanied by the depression of 1898
2. the unemployment march of Coxey's Army
3. the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act
4. the drain on the gold reserves which Cleveland tried to remedy with the Morgan Gold Deal |
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Term
|
Definition
| Written by William Jennings Bryan encouraging free silver |
|
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Term
|
Definition
US looked for expansion in Latin America
James Blaine was a big supporter |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Seward purchased it from the Russians and was called Seward's Folly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Located on Samoan Islands we increased our involvement from harbor rights to domination of Pago Pago port to a 3 way split between the US, England and Germany of the whole island
Then the queen gets overthrown and they become a state |
|
|
Term
| Causes of the Spanish-American War |
|
Definition
1. European imperialism
2. big navy (Alfred Mahan)
3. desire for a large policy by Teddy Roosevelt, John Hay and Albert Beveridge
4. sensationalist writing about activities there (yellow journalism-Hearst and Pulitzer)
5. America's interest in Cuba
6. Remember the Maine (ship that was blown up)
7. de Lome Letter (published by Hearst and criticized McKinley) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
McKinely says his war message and we go to war
Teller Amendment-we will leave Cuba once it gets its independence
Treaty of Paris (1898):
1. Spain withdraws from Cuba
2. US get Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines
3. US pays $20 million for the Phillipines |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Written by John Hay
said there should be equal opportunity for US merchants in China |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| created permanent court of International Arbitration |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. Increased Filipino participation in government
2. Made Puerto Ricans US citizens |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. Cuba was not to impair her soveirgty by treaty with any other foreign power
2. Cuba had to limit its debt within its ability to pay
3. had to permit US intervention
4. allow the US to naval stations |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ended silver agitation and went back to only gold |
|
|
Term
| McKinley's Assassination (1901) |
|
Definition
McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist, Czolgosz, in Buffalo at the Pan American-Exposition
Teddy Roosevelt becomes president |
|
|
Term
| Anthracite Coal Strike (1902) |
|
Definition
| Brought John Mitchell the head of the United Mine Workers to the White House and didn't work, it ended on arbitration |
|
|
Term
| Roosevelt's Domestic Policies |
|
Definition
1. Square Deal
2. Trust-Buster
3. Regulating the railroads
4. Conservation of natural resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
writings on behalf of reform
Frank Norris-The Pit, The Octopus
Upton Sinclair-The Jungle (caused Meat Inspection Act (1906) amd Pure Food and Drug Act (1906))
Jacob Riis-How the Other Half Live
Ida Tarbell-History of the Standard Oil Company |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| this nickname stemmed from his prosecution of the Northern Securities Company (1904) being in violation with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act followed by the Standard Oil Company of NJ, Beef Trust, and The American Tobacco Company |
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Term
| Railroad regulations under Roosevelt |
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Definition
1. Elkins Act (1903)-strengthened the law against rebates
2. Hepburn Act (1906)-increased the power and size of the Interstate Commerce Commission
3. Mann-Elkins Act (1910)-ICC has power over telephone, telegraph, cable and wireless companines |
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Term
| Conservation under Roosevelt |
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Definition
1. Newlands Act (1902)-allocated for irrigation money from public land sales
2. Inland Waterways Commision-studied water resources
3. National Conservation Commission (1908)-established at Conference of Governors at the White House |
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Term
| Roosevelt's Foreign Policies Gentleman's |
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Definition
1. "Speak softly and carry a big stick"
2. Venezuela Incident (1902)-persuaded Germany to arbitrate its debt with Venezuela
3. Roosevelt Corollary (1904)-strengthened the Monroe Doctrine, the US assumes police powers over Latin neighbors
4. Panama Canal (1904-14)-Hay-Paunceforte Treaty gave us right to construct a canal, we propose Hay-Herran Treaty but its rejected, Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty leases us the canal for 99 years
5. Gentleman's Agreement (1907)-limit emigration from Japan to US |
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Term
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Definition
high tariff
split the Republican party
1. Standpotters-approve tariff (mostly in the east)
2. Insurgents-hostile to tariff (mostly in the west) |
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Term
| Underwood-Simmons Tariff (1913) |
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Definition
| first scientific tariff in the US |
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Term
| Federal Reserve Act (1913) |
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Definition
1. created a Federal Reserve Board
2. divided the country into 12 federal reserve districts
3. made possible an elastic currency |
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Term
| Federal Trade Commission (1914) |
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Definition
| allowed for judicial enforcement of unfair business practices |
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Term
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Definition
"Magna Carta of Labor"
exempted union from the operation of the anti-trust laws |
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Term
| LaFollette's Seamen Act (1915) |
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Definition
| seamen's working conditions were regulated |
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Term
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Definition
| shipment in interstate commerce of goods manufactured by child labor was forbidden |
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Term
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Definition
| 8 hour day for railroad employees |
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Term
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Definition
| Mediation of Argentina, Brazil and Chile |
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Term
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Definition
| US purchased them from Denmark in 1917 for 25 million |
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Term
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Definition
1. open diplomacy
2. freedom of seas
3. removal of national economic barriers
4. disarmament
5. adjustment of colonial claims
6. creation of League of Nations
Then he goes for the Treaty of Versailles and the only thing they (George and Clemenceau) like is the League of Nations but America doesn't ratify the treaty |
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Term
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Definition
| providing for federal purchase of the railroads |
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Term
| Railroad Transportation Act (1920) |
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Definition
| extended ICC's power to guarantee owners a fair profit, set up a fund for improvements and made arbitration of compulsory labor disputes |
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Term
| Washington Arms Conference (1921-2) |
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Definition
4 Power Pact-respect each others Pacific possessions
5 Power Pact-capital ships ratio
9 Power Pact-territorial integrity of China |
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Term
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Definition
Prohibition of interstate trade in liquor
defined by the Volstead Act
ratified in 1919 and repealed in 1933 |
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Term
|
Definition
restricted immigration to 2%
maximum of 150,000 immigrants |
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Term
|
Definition
"Return to Normalcy"
succeeded by his VP Coolidge |
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Term
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932) |
|
Definition
| provided emergency relief financing to business but didn't cause recovery |
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Term
|
Definition
1. National Recovery Act
2. Agricultural Adjustment
3. Public Works Administration
4. Electricity
5. Housing
6. Savings Banks |
|
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Term
| National Recovery Act (1933) |
|
Definition
| created codes of fair competition, wages, hours, and guaranteed collective bargaining to labor |
|
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Term
| Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933) |
|
Definition
limit farm production and imposed a processors' tax
replaced by Domestic Allotment Act and then AAA |
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Term
| Public Work Programs under FDR |
|
Definition
| Public Works Administration, Civil Works Administration, and Works Progress Administration provided useful project that would not interfere with private enterprise |
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Term
| Tennessee Valley Authority (1933) |
|
Definition
| development of cheap electricity, river improvement and nitrate production |
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Term
| Housing Programs under FDR |
|
Definition
Home Owners' Loan Corporation-aided home owners about to loose their house
Federal Housing Administration-aided the purchaser of new housing
United States Housing Authority-provided aid for low-income families |
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Term
| Banking Policies under FDR |
|
Definition
Glass-Stegal Act-created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure savings bank deposits
Securities Act-regulated stock and bond dealings and created the Securities and Exchange Commission |
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Term
|
Definition
| FDR inflated the currency a lot and devalued the dollar in 1934 |
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Term
|
Definition
| FDR wanted to pack the court with justices who supported him because some of his plans were declared unconstitutional so by adding one judge for everyone over 70 to make 15 total he could pass anything |
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Term
|
Definition
| Everyone in North and Latin America should be nice to each other and not fight |
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Term
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Definition
| tried to keep us out of war by arm embargo (repealed in 1939 when the war began) and restricted American travel |
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Term
|
Definition
| We traded 50 old destroyers for a 99 year lease of a naval base |
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Term
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Definition
| gave President the power to lend or lease goods to the British (later extended to any Ally) |
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Term
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Definition
| Winston Churchill met with the US and renounced the war and promised to work for a peaceful world based on equality and equal commercial opportunity |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese bombed our naval base on December 7, 1941 and we declare war |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Battle of Coral Sea
2. Battle of Midway
3. Battle of Leyte Gulf |
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Term
|
Definition
V-J Day-August 14, 1945-Japanese surrender after we nuke Hiroshima and Nagasaki
D-Day-June 6, 1944-campaign against Italy and the invasion across the channel into France
V-E Day-May 7, 1945-Germany surrenders unconditionally
Post war Policies at Cairo, Teheran, Yalta and Potsdam |
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Term
|
Definition
| Limits President to two terms |
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Term
|
Definition
| Establish at San Francisco Conference in 1945 |
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Term
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Definition
| Provided aid to Turkey and Greece against communism and anywhere else |
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Term
|
Definition
| offered aid for reconstruction in Europe and led to the Economic Co-operation Act |
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Term
| Truman wins surprisingly over Dewey |
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Definition
| Everyone thought Dewey won or was going to win and Truman promised a fair deal to everyone (continued FDR's policies) |
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Term
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Definition
| Banned closed shop policy, secondary boycotts and provided a cooling off period before a strike |
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