"blue-green algae"

phycobilisomes: phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin

heterocyst: only one to fix N

asex: akinetes, binary fission, hormogonia

cyanophycin starch

cyanelles: peptidoglycan wall along with phycocyanin and allophycocyanin (same as cyanobacteria)

two heterodynamic flagella with mastigonemes

nucleomorph

either coccoid or amoeba

mixotrophic: feed on bacteria in absence of light

thylakoid loosely stacked in three

phyrenoid with rubisco

resting cysts

mucillage can harden into lorica

pellicle

one long flagella

thylakoids in stacks of three

paramylon: carb granules

eyespot

nucleomorph

resting cysts

bacteriovory

periplast: outer, pm, hexagonal inner

ejectosomes

two flagella with mastigonemes

starch in chloroplast, oil droplets in cytoplasm

organic scales

calcite scales (coccoliths) composed of calcium carbonate

herterococcoliths: 2n, form internally

holococcoliths: n, form extracellularly, not interlocked

two smooth flagella

haptonema: functions in obstacle avoidance, catches prey

fucoxanthin (brown)

tertiary endosymbiosis

resting cysts

prokaryotic features

dinokaryon/dinomitosis

theca or nontheca

extrusomes

pallium, puduncle, kleptoplastids

peridinin

eye spot: occelus

"red tide"

bioluminescence: luciferase

Pfiesteria

pennate:bilaterally symmetrical in valve view, includes raphe, central nodules, polar nodules

centric: radially symmetrical

frustule: epivalve, hypovalve

fucoxanthin

chrysolaminarin

toxic: domoic acid

amoeboid

stomatocysts

lorica (vase-like)

fucoxanthin (golden)

chrysolaminarin

stomatocysts

obligate photoautotrophs

sexual with half old half new scales

silica scales

two flagella, one tinsel, parallel

violaxanthin

stalked pyrenoids

violaxanthin

eyespot: eustigma

reproduction by either: 2 or 4 autospores (small copy of parent) or flagellate zoospores

obligate photoautotrophs

trycocysts and mucocysts

two flagella, anterior: tinsel, posterior: shorter

discoid-shaped chloroplasts

freshwater: diadinoxanthin, heteroxanthin

marine: fucoxanthin

oil is major storage product

brown ride

"yellow-green algae"

H-pieces: interlocking halves

ameoba-like

coenocytes (no cross walls)

resting cysts

sex: ogonium, antharithium

looks similar to green algae: no starch