Enterprise resource planning (ERP) 

 multimodule software system that integrates all business processes and functions of the entire organization into a single software system, using a single database

Manufacturing resource planning (MRP) 

 system that focuses on the movement and use of resources needed by a manufacturing company

Operational database

 contains the data necessary to conduct day-to-day operations and produce management reports used to oversee day-to-day operations. Continuously updated as transactions are processed. Data flows in and out

Data warehouse

integrated collection of enterprise-wide data that ideally should include 5 to 10 years of nonvolatile data. Used to support management in decision making and planning. Data only flows out.

Materials requirements planning (MRP) 

first generation of software (1960s-1970s) to track inventory in manufacturing companies

Y2K compatible

 legacy software would work after 1999

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 

term for software solutions that help businesses manage customer relationships in an organized way

Supply Chain Management (SCM) 

management and control of all materials, finds, and related information in the logistics process, from the acquisition of raw materials to the delivery of finished products to end user (customer)

Tier one

 software often used by large, multinational corporations

Tier two                                                                            

  software used by midsize businesses and organizations

SAP

company formed by five former IBM employees in 1972 to develop and sell application software for real-time processing of business processes

Oracle

 founded in 1979 as a database software provider. Current ERP system: Oracle Applications

Back office

ERP modules such as financial, manufacturing, supply chain management, procurement and logistics, and human resources applications

Front office

 modules such as CRM, include customer interfacing applications for sales, marketing, service, and call-center functions

PeopleSoft

 founded in 1987, developed a client-server based human resource application system. Introduced first “pure internet” architecture with no programming code residing on the client computer

Best of breed

 best software on the market for a particular type of business process for this size of an organization

Business process reengineering (BPR)

 purposeful and organized changing of business processes to make them more efficient.

Big Bang

approach to implementation, the company implements all modules and all functional areas of the ERP system at once.

Location-wise 

implementation of an ERP system, the organization chooses a specific location or subunit of the organization and implements the ERP system in that place only

ERP system is implemented one module at a time.  Focus on most critical module first and complete the implementation of modules in descending order.

Scalable

 system can grow with the business