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| system of trade popularized in the mid 1600s and 1700s which transported American raw materials, African slaves, and European goods across the Atlantic. |
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| chained groups of prisoners, animals, and slaves that were used to control in a line. Used in the transportation of slaves across Africa for trade |
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| around the neck of groups of slaves during the procession of people throughout the journey, while being in Africa |
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| crops like tobacco, sugar, and cotton that helped fuel the slave trade throughout society during the 1600 and 1700s. Relied heavily on slave labor and trade to sustain its growth. Very profitable crops that could be used. |
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| James Barbot Jr. General Observations on the Management of Slaves 1700 |
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| Discussed the importance of properly managing slave on slave ships through careful observation and limiting of risk. Shows the massive fear among people to limit the abilities of slaves to have major insurrection on board slave ships. |
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| First set of Africans in North Ameriac |
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| community of escaped slaves |
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| a system by which slaves were considered portable property and denied all rights or legal authority over themselves or their children |
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| 1739 slave rebellion that took place near South Carolina's Stono River in 1739. It was led by slaves who hoped to find freedom in Spanish Florida. |
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| laws were established to make the lives of black slaves less representative in society than before. created racialized differences in society. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| 1776, Establishes liberty and natural rights of society for men. Original copy was going to have issue of slavery, but removed because it was viewed as contentious and wanted to preserve the foundation of the union. |
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| Naturalization Act of 1790 |
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| instituted residence and racial requirements for potential citizens. naturalization was available to free white persons who had been in the United States for at lease two years. |
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| laws created to make blacks show proof that they are a part of the free society. states often created these laws for proof and legality of black people. |
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| an organization or voluntary association in which members agreed to help one another in securing benefits such as insurance. popular in urban communities of black americans, which allowed for benefits to be granted to them. |
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| started in Philadelphia as one of the first mutual aid societies in America. |
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| racism based on scientific "truths" that created a racial hierarchy among the United Staes. Lead to legislation, characterization. |
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| movement to have blacks go to Africa instead of be a part of the united states. lead to the establishment of Liberia. |
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| which was leading to issues in the representation in congress from the amount of slave states gaining power in the Union. counted as a slave as 3/5th of a person. |
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| 1819 retained the balance of power between regions that were going to be established as slave holding. congress agreed that slavery throughout the rest of Louisiana Purchase would be restricted. |
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| 1829, which chided the colonization movement and urged blacks to have agency and rebel against their situation in society. |
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| Established with the new deal legislation that allowed for former slaves and their kids to tell their stories to writers. |
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| Reverend Lewis Lockwood 1862 which is an example of the invisible church and institutions taking hold of black society. |
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| black convention movement |
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| a series of national, regional, and local conventions starting in 1830, where black leaders addressed the concerns of free and enslaved blacks |
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| aimed to convince the white majority that slavery and the oppression of free blacks were immoral, offensive to God, and contrary to the nation's ideals |
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| a loose coalition of organizations with black and white members that worked in various ways to end slavery immediately |
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| 1850 strengthen the law of federal authority over fugitive slaves. make northern states return the slaves back to certain areas due to issues of freedom and what not. |
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| the idea that the evolutionary notion of the survival of the fittest applies to society and the economy, used to justify white domination of both. |
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| national association for the advancement of colored people. Founded in 1909, the leading advocacy group for black civil rights up to the present. |
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| late 19th century expanding Americas borders thanks to the Louisana Purchase. It is our right to spread across the continent. Full expansion for growth. Religioulsly motivated. God's will in the land. |
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| Applies to west state and territory. 160 Acres of land from fed gov/ After 6 month could purchase land. Not limited to race or gender. |
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| exodus story is a popular story for AA communites whole journey and view of freedom. Helped fueld the expansion westward throughout North America. |
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| all-black town founded in frontier of Kansas. 1877 to 1880 huge increase. self-governance in Kansas. Kansas not the best place for agriculture, so 1890 the town started to collapse. |
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| US gov resistance for settlers and Indians. 1866 need fort troops and turned to black troops. known for their loyalty and dedication to the cause. part of the |
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| Occurred from 1910 to 1940. Massive migration of 1.5 million blacks moving north. Left for economic opportunity and to leave Jim Crow south. |
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| Black newspaper in Chicago that promoted migration North from the South. Highlighted this in the classified section. The paper was distrubuted throughout the South and had larger issues with Southern whites limting the distribution. |
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| a religious movement that emphasized a personal and life-changing experience of grace and promoted the belief that presence of the Holy Spriity is manifested by speaking in tongues. Store front churches began to open up in Northern cities that supported the religion. |
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| A term used increasingly after World War I to describe a growing assertiveness animating African Americans, especially those associated with Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association and the Harlem Renaissance. Public activism. |
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| 1917- a mass march orchestrated by the NAACP down Fifth Avenue that proested teh horrific race riot in East St. Louis, Illinois. Part of the new negro movement. Example of public activism. |
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| the new negro arts movement, a flourishing of African American art and culture rooted in Harlem in the 1920s. |
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| 1929-1941, major economic depression that effect the larger economic stratification. environmental factors such as the boll weval and flood lead to problems for the black Americans. Survival strategies of community, saving, and underground economies were some of the ways that blacks were able to stay goldern. |
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| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) |
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| New Deal program. Pays farmers not plant on the land. Creates demand for product. Farmers would get the money aka the land owners, but not the land workers. This unfairly treated black people who were the land workers primarily. |
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| Civilian Conservation Core |
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| Military setting unskilled workers worked on large projects for the betterment of society, like rest stopes, camp grounds, and etc. The program was discriminatory and segregated. Did not give them the greatest job opportunities in society. |
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| National Industrial Recovery Act |
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| was a law passed by the United States Congress in 1933 to authorize the President to regulate industry in an attempt to raise prices after severe deflation and stimulate economic recovery. This allowed for equality and recovery for all and allowed for black improvement. The first time since reconstruciton. |
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| Works Progress Adminstration |
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| public industry and emplyment in various fields. Created situation for oral history and art. Murals and stories etc. Employs black artists and writers, which allows for the harlem reniassance to be more mainstream in society. |
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| 1931 case that was a highly publicized series of trials of black youths in Scottsboro Alabama, who were falsely accused of rape and sucessfully defended by lawyers paid for by the communist party. |
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| Major study started in 1932 to see the long term effects of the impact of Syphillis on African American communities. Did not treat them even after major exposure. The story was not exposed until 1972, which lead to major class action law suits. |
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| African American pilots during WWII, who were the first group of African American group to be pilots. Performed incredibly well and known for the valor in the in skys. |
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| famous for his communist views through the benefits of the AA community. lead to his demise because he put on the Red Channel, which was a major propaganda campaign that excluded the involvement of actors who had association with the communist party. |
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| Rights for citizenships. Desire for the fulfilment of the 14th amendment. Inclusion of AA in society |
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| Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas |
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| 1954 Supreme Court case that overturned the seperate vs. equal idea embedded in Plessy Vs. Feguson. Huge because it lead to the desegration of schools and equality for blacks in education. was based off the doll test, which showed that racial identification was based on positive qualites of certain races over others. |
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| murdered in Mississippi in 1955 while visiting his grandma. Killed at 14 years old. Shocking case when the two men were aquitted for his crime. Led to the modern civil rights movement because of the sokc thorughout the nation. Open-casket funeral that got international attention. |
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| 1955-1956: A 13 month boycott that started whn Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white person on a bus in Al. The boycott resulted in significant economic losses for the bus company. Use of civil disobedience to allow for political action to be undertaken in society. |
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| The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) |
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| 1960s. Started freedom rides and full of student activists who were essential in promoting civil rights and black power. Lead the charge in doing the freedom rides. |
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| The Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
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| is a landmark piece of civil rights and US labor law legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public (known as "public accommodations"). |
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| black nationalist who wanted to include civil rights into a global movement. black power and the idea of pan-Africanism. Revolutionary who was part of the Nation of Islam. Was eventually killed by the member of nation of Islam. |
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| 1965- prohibited states from imposing literacy requirements and poll taxes and sent federal election examiners south to protect blacks' right to register to vote. |
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| Founded in Oakland in 1966. Stressed black militancy and nationalism. Known for having weapons. Provided welfare services to society at large in the city. Shows the strength that they had in society. |
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