Term
Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi 
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Definition
Established socialist government to redistribute national wealth, sought to spread radical brand of nationalism |
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Term
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Definition
Nigerian, stationed with British troops in India |
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Term
Charles de Gaulle |
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Definition
became president in May 1958, promised self-determination for Algeria. Arranged talks with the rebels that led to independence on July 3, 1962 |
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Term
Sir Dawda Jawara |
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Definition
| led the Gambia to independence in 1965. he remained president until 1994. |
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Term
Captain Yahya Ajj Jammeh |
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Definition
| took power after Sir Dawda Jawara. |
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Term
President Abdou Diouf 
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Definition
| succeeded Senegal's great independence leader Leopold Sedar Senghor in 1981 |
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Term
Leopold Sedar Senghor |
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Definition
| was a great indpeendence leader in 1981. |
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Term
Kwame Nkrumah |
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Definition
| political activist was asked by African leaders to led them in an indpendence movement. |
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Term
Ahmed Sekou Toure |
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Definition
| only Guinea under its nationalist leader, wanted full independence |
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Term
Jomo Kenyatta |
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Definition
a nationalist leader who had been living in Great Britain, brought his battle for independce home to Kenya. |
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Term
Nelson Mandela |
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Definition
| ANC leader was leading a military operation to press for change in the 1960s. he was jailed on chagres of treason, becoming a symbol of the struggle for freedom in South Africa. |
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Term
Desmond Tutu |
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Definition
| the head of South AFrica's Anglican Church, emerged as a major advocate of nonviolence and interracial reconciliation in the stuggle against apartheid. awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 |
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Term
Joseph D. Mobutu |
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Definition
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Term
Ian Smith |
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Definition
| was Rhodesian Prime Minister |
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Term
Kliptown |
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Definition
| meeting place of the Freedom Charters in 1955 |
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Term
Egypt |
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Definition
| 1945, 1 of 3 independent states |
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Term
Ethiopia |
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Definition
| 1945, 1 of 3 independent states |
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Term
Italy |
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Definition
| had Italian colonies in Libya, 1951 |
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Term
Libya |
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Definition
| oil was discovered in 1959, went from poor to wealthiest in the world |
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Term
France |
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Definition
reluctantly granted independence to Morocco and Tunisia in 1956 |
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Term
Tunisia |
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Definition
gained its independence in 1956 |
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Term
Algeria |
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Definition
| Launched guerrilla warfare for independence in 1954 |
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Term
Morocco |
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Definition
gained independence in 1956 |
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Term
Sudan |
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Definition
ruled jointly by Great Britain and Egypt, which had a large non-Muslim African population in its southern part, became independent in 1956 |
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Term
Banjul |
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Definition
| capital of the Gambia, gained independence in 1965 |
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Term
Ghana |
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Definition
| was once known as the Gold Coast, became the first African nation south of the Sahara to gain full independence after World War II |
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Term
Gold Coast |
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Definition
| Great Britain’s richest colony; traveled an easy road to independence, raising the hopes of other African nations for a smooth transition. |
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Term
Guinea |
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Definition
| wanted full independence; one of France’s African colonies south of the Sahara |
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Term
Angola |
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Definition
| Portugal ruled this southern African country with an iron hand, in 1961 rebel groups waged guerrilla wars against Portugal; after being freed in 1975, the country came under Marxist government that took complete control of their economy |
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Term
Mozambique |
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Definition
| Portugal ruled this southern African country with an iron hand, in 1964 rebel groups waged guerrilla wars against Portugal. Eventually came under Marxist governments that took complete control of the economy |
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Term
Zimbabwe |
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Definition
| once known as Rhodesia, but won its freedom and was renamed |
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Term
South Africa |
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Definition
| was independent and was governed by a white minority- most of British and Afrikaner descent- that denied basic freedoms to other minorities and the majority African population |
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Term
Nigeria |
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Definition
| a West African country, Africa’s most populous nation, few Europeans had settled during the period of British colonial rule; won its independence from Great Britain in 1960 |
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Term
Congo |
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Definition
| was once known as Belgian Congo in central Africa that was ready for change, Belgian authorities responded slowly to the independence movement and imprisoned nationalist leaders who demanded radical changes, Belgium hastily granted independence in June 1960 |
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Term
Zaire |
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Definition
in 1970s the Congo was known as this country |
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Term
Katanga |
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Definition
| was a rich copper-mining province, known as Shaba region, seceded from the new nation (Congo) in July 1960. They settled differences with the central government and finally returned to Congolese rule |
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Term
Malawi |
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Definition
in 1964, Nyasaland changed to this |
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Term
Zambia 
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Definition
what Northern Rhodesia became |
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Term
Freedom Charter |
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Definition
| 3,000 delegates of South Africa adopted this in 1955, they hoped for a democratic nation |
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Term
Nationalism |
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Definition
pride in one’s own nation; desire for independence |
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Term
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Definition
Black,Red,Yellow, and Green |
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Term
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Definition
were French settlers, had been coming to Algeria since the 1830s |
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Term
Fourth Republic |
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Definition
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Term
General Strike |
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Definition
in which a large number of workers pressured the British for independence |
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Term
Apartheid |
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Definition
the nationalist Afrikaners legalized and strengthened a policy of racial separation between blacks and whites |
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Term
Republic of Biafra |
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Definition
| in eastern part of Nigeria, in the mid-1960s ethnic conflict drove the Ibo to set up a republic. 2 million died of hunger during the civil war, finally surrendered in January 1970 |
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Term
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Definition
set up the independent Republic of Biafra |
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Term
Kikuyu |
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Definition
the local African ethnic group, regarded this region as their homeland |
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Term
African Union |
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Definition
was a political movement for independence was formed and it chose Kenyatta as its president in 1947 |
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Term
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Definition
what the Europeans called the Kenyans’ underground freedom movement |
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Term
Rhodesian front |
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Definition
| the European Rhodesians saw new African nations coming into existence in the 1960s; they formed a party called this. The front took control of Rhodesian politics to keep Africans from gaining power |
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Term
Afrikaners 
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Definition
| was brought into power in 1948. The nationalist government opposed South Africa’s remaining ties to Great Britain and had a strong belief in its divine right to rule the country |
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Term
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Definition
| once an Italian colony became an independent monarchy; after the discovery of oil in 1959, it transformed the country from a poor, desert nation into one of the wealthiest in the world. |
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Term
Soweto Massacre 
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Definition
| faced political conflicts and economic hardships after its independence; the most populous West African country, continued to remain under military rule |
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Term
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Definition
| monitered gorillas in the Virguna Volcano Range for 18 yrs., worked to prevent wars and poaching. |
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Term
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Definition
| winner of the Nobel Prize in 1986 for Literature |
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Term
Laurent Kabila |
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Definition
led guerrilla forces in late 1996 |
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Term
Jacques Chirac |
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Definition
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Term
Thabo Mbeki |
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Definition
| was most likely after 1999 to be South Africa's president (was deputy president) |
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Term
President Kenyata |
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Definition
| was president of Kenya, died in 1978 |
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Term
Namibia |
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Definition
| emerged from civil war in 1980 |
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Term
Eritrea |
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Definition
emerged from civil war in 1993 |
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Term
Algeria |
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Definition
| was greatest challenge to establish government |
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Term
Tunisia |
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Definition
| Had widespread economical and political unrest |
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Term
Virunga Volcano Range 
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Definition
| place where Fidele Nshogoza monitered gorillas for 18 years |
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Term
Tutsi |
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Definition
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Term
Hutu |
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Definition
| it's people were placed in refugee camps |
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Term
Zaire
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Definition
| was home to seven Hutu refugee camps. now the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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Term
Liberia 
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Definition
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Term
Kenya 
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Definition
| attracted considerable global attention because of a combination of unique geographic and political characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of independence arose in this region |
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Term
Sierra Leone 
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Definition
was torn by fierce conflicts between rival political and military groups |
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Term
Rwanda 
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Definition
belonged to the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. In 1990s, ethnic tensions led to violent conflicts |
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Term
Burundi 
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Definition
belonged to the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. Ethnic tensions led to violent conflicts in the 1990s. |
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Term
Kinshasa 
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Definition
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Term
Somalia 
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Definition
Drough and civil war also ravaged Ethiopia's neighbor. rival clans fought for control of the government. |
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Term
Mozambique 
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Definition
| moved toward peace and gradually abandoned socialism for free enterprise |
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Term
Angola 
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Definition
| moved toward peace and gradually abandoned socialism for free enterprise |
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Term
Uganda 
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Definition
| East African country, ruled by Great Britain. Won ndependence in 1962, fell prey to ethnic conflicts and brutal military dictatorship |
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Term
Tanzania 
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Definition
| East African country that was ruled by Great Britain. won its independences in 1961, developed a stable government that followed socialist principles. |
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Term
Republic of South Africa 
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Definition
the most remarkable achievement was the dismantling of apartheid |
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Term
Biafran War 
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Definition
In July 1966 northern officers and army units staged a coup. |
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Term
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
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Definition
Kabila's forces then entered the capital, Kinshasa, where he named himself the new leader and changed the country's name |
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Term
Tea  |
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Definition
one of Kenya's chief cash crop and major export |
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Term
Genocide 
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Definition
the deliberate killing of a racial or cultural group |
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Term
Clans 
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Definition
groups of people related to one another |
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Term
African National Congress 
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Definition
| black nationalist group, peacefully demanded reforms, but the government moved aginst the resistance |
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Term
Kwanzaa |
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Definition
holiday beased on a traditional African harvest festival |
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Term
Kofi Annan |
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Definition
| career diplomat from the West African nation of Ghana, 1st African from south of the Sahara to serve in the post |
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Term
Julius Nyerere |
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Definition
| Tanzaia's president in the 1960's |
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Term
Yoweri Museveni |
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Definition
Ugandan president in the 1990's, believed Africa had to rely on themselves like they did prior to colonialism |
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Term
Langston Hughes |
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Definition
| African American poet, gathered 100 African poems into a collection called Poems from Black Africa |
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Term
Michael Dei-Anang |
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Definition
poet and government offical in Ghana, wrote "My Africa" |
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Term
Leopold Sedar Senghor |
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Definition
| president of Jenegal, published poems that expressed his love to Africa, found poetry movement called negritude |
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Term
Sahel |
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Definition
| a West African grassland area bordering the Sahara, worst occurance of desertification |
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Term
Addis Abba |
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Definition
| where the Organization of African Unity was formed (Ethiopia) |
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Term
Ghana |
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Definition
| west African nation (secretary- general of the United Nations) |
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Term
Nigeria |
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Definition
| Africa's most populous nation, few Europeans had settled during the period of British colonial rule. |
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Term
Angola |
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Definition
was ruled by Portugal, 1961 guerrilla warfare against Portugal |
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Term
Mozambique |
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Definition
| was ruled by Portugal, 1964 rebel groups fought against Portugal in guerrilla warfare. |
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Term
Zimbabwe |
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Definition
Used to be called Rhodesia. won its freedom and was renamed in 1980 |
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Term
Liberia |
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Definition
independent, was governed by a white minority that withheld freedom from most of the country's population |
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Term
Infrastructures |
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Definition
| the basic structure or features of a system or organization |
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Term
International Monetary Fund (IMF) |
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Definition
organization that almost all countries in the world work together to promote the common good |
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Term
World Bank |
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Definition
| not really a bank, its members (dif countries) center their efforts on reaching the millenium development goals |
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Term
Desertification |
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Definition
| process of fertile land becoming desert |
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Term
 Negritude |
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Definition
an effort to recapture black Africa's past dignity (poetry movement) |
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Term
Congolese |
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Definition
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Term
Kenyatta Conference Center |
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Definition
| named after Jomo Kenyatta, reflects growth of Kenya |
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Term
"While the great powers....." |
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Definition
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Term
"The Laughter of Rul" |
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Definition
| Rul is a Genie (the bad angel of strayed travelers) in Emile Felix Gautier's "Sahara the Great Desert" |
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Term
Famine |
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Definition
| extreme and general scarcity of food |
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Term
Poems from Black Africa |
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Definition
| 100 African poems gathered by Langston Hughes |
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