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(also chronic adrenal insufficiency, hypocortisolism, and hypocorticism) is a rare, chronic endocrine disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones (glucocorticoids and often mineralocorticoids).[1] Lifelong, continuous treatment with steroid replacement therapy is required, with regular follow-up treatment and monitoring for other health problems.[2]
It is generally diagnosed via blood tests and medical imaging.[2] Treatment involves replacing the absent hormones (oral hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone). |
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| a decrease in the ability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. |
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| Tracheoesophageal fistula |
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| an abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea. TEF is a common congenital abnormality, but when occurring late in life is usually the sequela of surgical procedures such as a laryngectomy. |
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| Aortobifemoral bypass surgery is |
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Definition
used to bypass a blocked part of the large blood vessels in the abdomen and groin.
To bypass the blocked part of the blood vessel, blood is redirected through a graft. The graft is made of man-made material. This graft is sewn above and below the blocked vessel so that blood flows through the graft and around the blockage. The graft looks like an upside-down Y shape. The single end of the Y is sewn on the aorta. The two split ends of the Y are sewn below the blocked or narrowed areas of the femoral arteries. |
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the patient is stood up and asked to close his eyes. A loss of balance is interpreted as a positive Romberg sign.
The Romberg test is a test of the body's sense of positioning (proprioception), which requires healthy functioning of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord.[1] |
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| Hold forearms parallel and opposing at shoulder level and press the backs of hands together for 30-60 seconds. Burning, tingling or numb sensation over the thumb, index, middle and ring fingers) conveys a positive test result and suggests carpal tunnel syndrome. |
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| A hearing test using a vibrating tuning fork that is held near the ear and held at the back of the skull. |
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| discomfort behind the knee on forced dorsiflexion of the foot, due to thrombosis in the calf veins. |
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| a complication of pregnancy in which the placenta grows in the lowest part of the womb (uterus) and covers all or part of the opening to the cervix. |
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| a decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the body cannot properly absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract. Vitamin B12 is necessary for the proper development of red blood cells. |
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| one of several ophthalmologic procedures that can be used to repair a retinal detachment. |
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| a chemical that binds to a receptor of a cell and triggers a response by that cell. Agonists often mimic the action of a naturally occurring substance. |
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| having to do with adrenaline or epinephrine |
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| a class of antidepressant drugs prescribed for the treatment of depression. They are particularly effective in treating atypical depression. |
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Definition
| Releasing or activated by acetylcholine or a related compound |
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| Status epilepticus (SE) is: |
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Definition
| a life-threatening condition in which the brain is in a state of persistent seizure. Definitions vary, but traditionally it is defined as one continuous unremitting seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes,[1] or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures for greater than 30 minutes (or shorter with medical intervention). |
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| an organic compound that contains the functional group consisting of a carbonyl group (R-C=O) linked to a nitrogen atom (N). |
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| a neurological sign and symptom that consists of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements. |
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Adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women have not shown an increased risk of fetal
abnormalities. |
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Definition
Animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus, however, there are no adequate and
well-controlled studies in pregnant women. or Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but
adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus |
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Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies
in pregnant women. or No animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate and
well-controlled studies in pregnant women. |
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Studies, adequate well-controlled or observational, in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to
the fetus. However, the benefits of therapy may outweigh the potential risk. |
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Studies, adequate well-controlled or observational, in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated
positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. The use of the product is contraindicated in women
who are or may become pregnant. |
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| a chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones. The excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue causes affected bone to weaken, resulting in pain, misshapen bones, fractures, and arthritis in the joints near the affected bones. |
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| a neurological movement disorder, in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures |
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| a movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements[1] and the presence of involuntary movements, similar to tics or choreia. Dyskinesia can be anything from a slight tremor of the hands to uncontrollable movement of, most commonly, the upper body but can also be seen in the lower extremities. |
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| a stiff neck associated with muscle spasm, classically causing lateral flexion contracture of the cervical spine musculature (a condition in which the head is tilted to one side). |
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| the breakdown of muscle fibers resulting in the release of muscle fiber contents (myoglobin) into the bloodstream. |
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| damage to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, by a toxin. |
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| Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease; Heartburn |
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| stomach cannot empty its contents but there is no blockage |
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| a rare condition in which a baby is born without the ability to properly break down an amino acid called phenylalanine. |
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| a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency. |
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| an acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, anorexia, ulcerating dermatoses, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. The presence of edema caused by poor nutrition defines kwashiorkor.[1] Kwashiorkor was thought to be caused by insufficient protein consumption but with sufficient calorie intake, distinguishing it from marasmus. More recently, micronutrient and antioxidant deficiencies have come to be recognized as contributory. Cases in the developed world are rare.[2] |
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| Open Reduction Internal Fixation. Open reduction internal fixation is a method of surgically repairing a fractured bone. |
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| Nursing Interventions Code |
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| North American Nursing Diagnosis Association |
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| the practice and science of categorization and classification. |
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| a network of nerves that originate near the neck and shoulder. These nerves begin at the spinal cord in the neck and control the hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder |
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| 1. : of, relating to, or being a tail. |
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| A raised, itchy (pruritic) area of skin that is almost always an overt sign of allergy. |
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| Malignant hyperthermia is |
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| a disease passed down through families that causes a fast rise in body temperature (fever) and severe muscle contractions when the affected person gets general anesthesia. |
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| separation of the layers of a surgical wound. |
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| protruding of wound contents |
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| collapse of alveoli due to hypoventilation |
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| a palpable vibration on the body |
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Referring to an intraabdominal mass which is palpable and which can be “bounced” back and forth
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in meningitis, inability to completely extend the leg when sitting or lying with the thigh flexed upon the abdomen; when in dorsal decubitus position, the leg can be easily and completely extended.
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1. in meningitis, flexion of the neck usually causes flexion of the hip and knee.
2. in meningitis, on passive flexion of one lower limb, the contralateral limb shows a similar movement.
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a dark blue to purplish-red congested appearance of the vaginal mucosa, an indication of pregnancy.
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bluish discoloration around the umbilicus sometimes associated with intraperitoneal hemorrhage, especially after rupture of the uterine tube in ectopic pregnancy; similar discoloration occurs in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
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abnormal wideness of the palpebral opening in Graves' disease.
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the opening between the margins of the upper and lower eyelids.
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in aneurysm of a limb's main artery, if nutrition of the part distal to the aneurysm is maintained despite absence of the pulse, collateral circulation is sufficient.
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the ratio of the duration of inspiration to the duration of expiration. A range of 1:1.5 to 1:2 for an adult is considered acceptable for mechanical ventilation. Ratios of 1:1 or higher may cause hemodynamic complications, whereas ratios lower than 1:2 indicate lower mean airway pressure and fewer associated hazards.
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