Term
Pithoi
Large storage containers for grain, honey, oils or wine.
From the Palace at Knossos on Crete
Minoan |
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Minoan Column
from Palace at Knossos
Top circular nub called the capitol
Minoan |
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Dolphin Fresco
c. 1500 BC
Dolphins are stylized
From Queen's megaron at Knossos
Minoan |
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King Minos's Throne Room
From Palace at Knossos
Freaky hybrid animals
Spirals Prevalent
Minoan |
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Cup Bearers Fresco
c 1500 BC
From Palace at Knossos
Figures in procession creates ongoing narration
Minoan figure style: mostly in profile, deemphasized eyes, fluid figure, thin waists, jewelery, curly hair
Minoan |
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La Parisienne
Fresco fragment from Knossos
Minoan |
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Toreador Fresco
Bull ritual depicted
c 1500 BC
Bull is revered and prevalent in their art
Minoan |
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Octopus jar
From Gournia in east Crete
c 1600 BC
Composition: design adjusted so tentacles follow contours of vase
Minoan |
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Definition
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Snake Goddess
From Knossos
c. 1600 BC
Domineering posture
Open form (arms extended from body)
Dress depicts contemporary fashion
Minoan |
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Lion Gate
From Mycenae (Palace of Agamemmnon)
c 1300 BC
Corbeled arch: bricks slanted to form triangular wedge at top
Stones were 20 feet thick
Mycenaean |
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Term
Treasury of Atreus
Tomb
Beehive ceiling structure - multiple concentric circles
Tholos: Round architectural plan
Corbeled arch
Mycenaean |
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Term
Entrance to Treasury of Atreus
Dromos: Entrance to a tomb flanked by stone walls
Mycenaean |
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Term
Funeral Mask (of Agamemmnon)
c. 1500 BC
Placed on the face of the deceased in funerary ritual
Repousse: Malleable metal (gold) is hammered into relief from reverse side
Mycenaean |
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Term
Warrior Vase
c. 1300-1200 BC
Style + figure dress similar to art of Asia Minor
Supports theory of migration
Mycenaean |
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Term
Altar of Zeus
c. 530 BC
Caryatid (female sculpture) supports
From Treasury of Siphnians at Delphi
Continuous frieze at top
Hellenistic |
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Battle of Gods & Giants
c. 530 BC
From Altar of Zeus in the Treasury of the Siphnians
Has something to do with watching Trojan War?
Hellenistic |
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Definition
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Term
Temple of Aphaia
From Aegina
c. 500-490 BC
Pedimental sculptures: turning point between Late Archaic and Early Classical
Cult of Aphaia worshipped here
Late Archaic |
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Archer (Herakles)
From pediment of Temple of Aphaia at Aegina
c. 500-490 BC
Heroic pride manifested in artistic styles
Late Archaic |
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Dying Warrior
From Pediment of Temple of Aphaia at Aegina
c. 500-490 BC
Cult of Aphaia worshipped here
Heroic pride of Archaic culture
Late Archaic |
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Term
Poseidon (Bronze)
c. 460 BC
Made using cire perdue or 'lost wax' process
Open form
Exhibits Classical 'severe style': strong + intense igure, rigid posture, stern expression
Early Classical |
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Term
Charioteer of Delphi
c. 470 BC
Naturalistic, greater detail than before
Calm expression
Early Classical |
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Pediment of Temple of Zeus
Center: Apollo calmly ordering centaurs to stop
Left of Apollo: Hippodamia and Centaur exemplify ideal of calm Greeks vs. angry + vicious Barbarians; composition example of dynamic balance
Symbolized 3 things:
1) Greek victory over Persians
2) Sacred Truce of Olympia (during Olympic games)
3) Responsibility of men to acknowledge laws
Early Classical |
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Term
Acropolis of Athens
On giant hill in center of Athens
Gateway: Propyleae
Parthenon: main temple; designed and constructed in 9 years by architects Iktinos & Kallikrates
Peripteral: a temple that has a single row of columns on all four sides
Cella (Latin)/Naos (Greek): center, innermost chamber of a temple, usually containing main statue
High Classical |
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Apollo from Parthenon pediment
Marble
Sculpted by Phidias
High Classical |
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Three Goddesses
From Parthenon pediment
c. 438-432 BC
Demeter, Persephone and Isis
Modeling line: squiggly line that (allegedly) ties the three figures together
Illusion of transparency: floaty gauze fabric worn by figures
High Classical |
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Lapith & Centaur (fighting)
From metope of Parthenon
South wall
High relief
High Classical |
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Term
Temple of Athena Nike
c. 425 BC
On Acropolis, near Parthenon (Athens)
Designed by Iktinos & Kallikrates
Amphiprostyle: Porticos (porch with roof) in front and rear of temple, with flat, columnless walls on the sides
High Classical |
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Term
Nike (Victory) Fastening Her Sandal
c. 425 BC
Somewhere around Temple of Athena Nike
Marble relief
Illusion of floaty fabric
High Classical |
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Term
Erechtheum
c. 421-405 BC
Also on Acropolis
Asymmetrical: built on 5 different levels
Southern porch: Porch of Maidens, has caryatids for columns
Somehow related to struggle between Athena and Poseidon
High Classical |
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Term
Discobolos
c. 450 BC
Twisted counterbalance
Symbol of the perfect Greek man: sound mind with a sound body
Sculptor: Myron
Severe style
On 2-D plane - only one view to properly appreciate piece
High Classical |
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Doryphoros
c. 450 BC
Bulky figure
Motion implied at rest
Contrapostal stance - "Kritios Boy grown up"
Sculptor: Polykleitos (canon for male figure)
High Classical |
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Hermes with Infant Dionysos
c. 330-320 BC
Increased humanization: double weight shift, elongated torso and legs
Sculptor: Praxiteles
Open form
First instance of true interaction between figures
Late Classical |
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Apoxyomenos (Scraper)
c. 330 BC
Even taller, more slender, + more flexible figure
Sculptor: Lysippos
Occupies 3-D space (not just in a single plane), multiple interesting viewing perspectives
Late Classical
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Aphrodite of Cnidos
c. 350 BC
First life-size female nude
Scupltor: Praxiteles (canon for female nude figure)
3-D space
Late Classical |
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Nike of Samothrace
c. 190 BC
Spirals created by agitated flowing cloth on figure
Meant to be on prow of a ship
Hellenistic |
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Dying Gaul
c. 240 BC
Body follows single long diagonal - creates tension in figure
Twisted at shoulders + hips - spiral
Example of reach of Greek conquest
School of Pergamon
More diversity in idea of beauty
Depicted as nude: sign of dignity in Greek sculpture
Hellenistic |
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Term
Laocoon
Anguished expressions
Snake + twisted bodies create spiral and tension
Hellenistic |
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Definition
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Term
Venus de Milo
S Curve of body - more drastic weight shift than contraposto
More diversity in perceived idea of beauty - not just male Greek warriors + gods who are being sculpted
Hellenistic |
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Definition
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Term
Kritios Boy
Contraposto stance - weight shift on one foot creates dynamic, relaxed appearance
Signal of end of Archaic period
Early Classical |
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