Term
| When using the alto clef, middle C is found on which line of the staff? |
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Definition
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Term
| When using the tenor clef, middle C is found on which line of the staff? |
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Definition
The second line from the top.
[image] |
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Term
| How are sharp key signatures written on a tenor clef staff? |
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Definition
Sharp key signatures are written on the tenor clef staff as follows:
[image] |
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Term
| If given a major key, how do you find the relative minor key? |
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Definition
To find a major key's relative minor, go down three semitones (AND three letter-names) from the major tonic.
Example: What is the relative minor key of B major?
down 1 semitone = Bb
down 2 semitones = A
down 3 semitones = G#
The relative minor key of B major is g# minor. |
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Term
| What is the key signature of B major? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key signature of F# major? |
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Definition
| 6 sharps: F, C, G, D, A, E |
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Term
| What is the key signature of C# major? |
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Definition
| 7 sharps: F, C, G, D, A, E, B |
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Term
| What is the relative major key of G# minor AND what is the key signature of G# minor? |
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Definition
| The relative major key of G# minor is B major. 5 sharps: F, C, G, D, A |
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Term
| What is the relative major key of D# minor AND what is the key signature of D# minor? |
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Definition
| The relative major key of D# minor is F# major. 6 sharps: F, C, G, D, A, E |
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Term
| What is the relative major key of A# minor AND what is the key signature of A# minor? |
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Definition
| The relative major key of A# minor is C# major. 7 sharps: F, C, G, D, A, E, B |
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Term
| What is the key signature of Db major? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key signature of Gb major? |
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Definition
| 6 flats: B, E, A, D, G, C |
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Term
| What is the key signature of Cb major? |
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Definition
| 7 flats: B, E, A, D, G, C, F |
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Term
| What is the relative major key of Bb minor AND what is the key signature of Bb minor? |
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Definition
| The relative major key of Bb minor is Db major. 5 flats: B, E, A, D, G |
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Term
| What is the relative major key of Eb minor AND what is the key signature of Eb minor? |
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Definition
| The relative major key of Eb minor is Gb major. 6 flats: B, E, A, D, G, C |
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Term
| What is the relative major key of Ab minor AND what is the key signature of Ab minor? |
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Definition
| The relative major key of Ab minor is Cb major. 7 flats: B, E, A, D, G, C, F |
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Term
| What are the three rules for writing a chromatic scale? |
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Definition
1) Never use the same letter name more than twice in a row.
2) Never change the letter-name of the tonic note.
3) Use sharps going up and flats going down - but remember (2) above.
**If the scale starts on a flat note, switch to sharps as soon as possible. |
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Term
| How many notes are in a chromatic scale? |
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Definition
| 12 notes, plus the tonic note repeated at the top. |
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Term
| What is the interval or distance between each note of a chromatic scale? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the interval or distance between each note of the whole tone scale? |
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Definition
| There is one whole tone - or two semitones - between the notes of the whole tone scale. |
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Term
| How many notes are in a whole tone scale? |
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Definition
| There are 6 notes in a whole tone scale PLUS the repeated tonic at the top. |
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Term
| What are the intervals between the notes of an octatonic scale? |
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Definition
An octatonic scale goes back and forth (alternates) between whole tones and semitones.
An octatonic scale can start with either a whole tone OR a semitone. |
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Term
| How many notes are in an octatonic scale? |
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Definition
| There are 8 notes in an octatonic scale PLUS the repeated tonic at the top. |
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Term
| How do you write a pentatonic scale? |
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Definition
To write a pentatonic scale:
1) Write a major scale
2) Remove the 4th note and the 7th note. |
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Term
| When writing a blues scale, what are the intervals of the scale tones above the tonic? |
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Definition
In a blues scale, the scale tones are:
a minor 3rd
a perfect 4th
an augmented 4th/diminshed 5th
a perfect 5th
a minor 7th
above the tonic note.
*Don't forget to repeat the tonic note at the top! |
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Term
| How many notes are in a blues scale? |
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Definition
| There are 6 notes in a blues scale PLUS the repeated tonic at the top. |
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Term
| How many notes are in a pentatonic scale? |
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Definition
| There are 5 notes in a pentatonic scale PLUS the repeated tonic note at the top. |
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Term
| The Dorian mode is like a major scale starting on its __________ note. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Phrygian mode is like a major scale starting on its _________ note. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Lydian mode is like a major scale starting on its _________ note. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Mixolydian mode is like a major scale starting on its _________ note. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Aeolian mode is like a major scale starting on its _________ note. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Ionian mode is the same as a ________ scale. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Aeolian mode is the same as a __________ scale. |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you write the Phrygian mode? |
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Definition
| Write a major scale starting on its 3rd (mediant) note. |
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Term
| How do you write the Dorian mode? |
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Definition
| Write a major scale starting on its 2nd (supertonic) note. |
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Term
| How do you write the Lydian mode? |
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Definition
| Write a major scale starting on its 4th (subdominant) note. |
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Term
| How do you write the Mixolydian mode? |
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Definition
| Write a major scale starting on its 5th (dominant) note. |
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Term
| How do you write the Aeolian mode? |
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Definition
| Write a natural minor scale. |
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Term
| How do you write the Ionian mode? |
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Definition
| Write a major scale in the normal way. |
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Term
| How do you write an interval below a note? |
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Definition
1) Count letter-names to find the right note.
2) Identify the interval you have written.
3) Move the lower note UP to make the interval smaller or DOWN to make the interval larger. |
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Term
| To make a major interval into a minor interval, you need to make the interval [smaller or larger?] by ____ semitone(s). |
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Definition
| To make a major interval into a minor interval, you need to make the interval smaller by 1 semitone. |
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Term
| To make a major interval into a diminished interval, you need to make the interval [smaller or larger?] by ____ semitone(s). |
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Definition
| To make a major interval into a diminished interval, you need to make the interval smaller by 2 semitones. |
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Term
| To make a major interval into an augmented interval, you need to make the interval [smaller or larger?] by ____ semitone(s). |
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Definition
| To make a major interval into an augmented interval, you need to make the interval larger by 1 semitone. |
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Term
| To make a perfect interval into an augmented interval, you need to make the interval [smaller or larger?] by ____ semitone(s). |
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Definition
| To make a perfect interval into an augmented interval, you need to make the interval larger by 1 semitone. |
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Term
| To make a perfect interval into a diminished interval, you need to make the interval [smaller or larger?] by ____ semitone(s). |
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Definition
| To make a perfect interval into a diminished interval, you need to make the interval smaller by 1 semitone. |
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Term
| To make an interval larger, you need to ________ the top note. |
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Definition
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Term
| To make an interval smaller, you need to ______ the top note. |
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Definition
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Term
| To make an interval larger, you need to _____ the bottom note. |
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Definition
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Term
| To make an interval smaller, you need to ______ the bottom note. |
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Definition
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Term
| When solving an interval, always compare the top note to the bottom note's ______ scale. |
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Definition
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Term
| To invert an interval, you must make sure that the notes are ______. |
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Definition
| Flipped - the bottom note becomes the top note and the top note becomes the bottom note. |
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Term
| To solve a compound interval, you first need to move the top note down how far? |
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Definition
| One octave, so the interval becomes an octave or less in size. |
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Term
| When the name of a note is changed without changing its pitch (like Eb -> D#), this is called an _________ change. |
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Definition
Enharmonic.
Two notes that sound the same but have different names are called enharmonic equivalents. |
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Term
| A major triad consists of which intervals above the root? |
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Definition
Perfect 5th
Major 3rd
above the root. |
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Term
| A minor triad consists of which intervals above the root? |
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Definition
Perfect 5th
Minor 3rd
above the root. |
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Term
| A diminished triad consists of which intervals above the root? |
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Definition
Diminished 5th
Minor 3rd
above the root. |
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Term
| An augmented triad consists of which intervals above the root? |
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Definition
Augmented 5th
Major 3rd
above the root. |
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Term
| When a triad or 4-note chord is written in open position, how can you tell what inversion it's in? |
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Definition
Put the chord in root position.
Look back at the open position chord.
The chord tone that is LOWEST determines the position/inversion:
Root is lowest: Root position
Third is lowest: First inversion
Fifth is lowest: Second inversion
Seventh is lowest: Third inversion |
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Term
| What are the qualities of each triad built on the notes of a major scale? |
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Definition
I: Major
II: Minor
III: Minor
IV: Major
V: Major
VI: Minor
VII: Diminished |
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Term
| What are the qualities of each triad built on the notes of a natural minor scale? |
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Definition
I: Minor
II: Diminished
III: Major
IV: Minor
V: Minor
VI: Major
VII: Major |
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Term
| What are the qualities of each triad built on the notes of a harmonic minor scale? |
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Definition
I: Minor
II: Diminished
III: Augmented
IV: Minor
V: Major
VI: Major
VII: Diminished |
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Term
| How can you know what triads to use when harmonizing a cadence at the end of a phrase? |
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Definition
1) Write out the notes of each triad: Tonic (I), Subdominant (IV) and Dominant (V).
2) Each melody note must fit the triad you use for it.
3) Your cadence must use one of the follwing chord sequences: Perfect (V-I) Plagal (IV-I) Imperfect (I-V or IV-V) |
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Term
| What triads are used in a perfect cadence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What triads are used in an imperfect cadence? |
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Definition
I-V (Tonic to dominant)
OR
IV-V (Subdominant to Dominant) |
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Term
| What triads are used in a plagal cadence? |
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Definition
| IV-I (Subdominant to Tonic) |
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Term
| Which note of the major scale or harmonic minor scale is the root of a dominant 7th chord? |
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Definition
| The 5th (Dominant) note is the root of the dominant 7th chord. |
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Term
| Which note of the harmonic minor scale is the root of a Diminished 7th chord? |
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Definition
| The 7th (Leading note) of the harmonic minor scale is the root of the Diminished 7th chord. |
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Term
| A dominant seventh chord consists of which intervals above the root? |
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Definition
Minor 7th
Perfect 5th
Major 3rd
above the root. |
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Term
| How can you tell what key a dominant 7th chord is in? |
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Definition
1) Check the key signature
2) Find the tonic note, which is a perfect 5th below the dominant 7th's root. |
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Term
| When a dominant 7th chord is inverted, or in open position, how can you find its root note? |
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Definition
| Put the notes of the chord in close position and in root position (stacked thirds). The bottom note will be the chord root. |
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Term
| How is a diminished 7th chord built? |
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Definition
| By stacking three minor 3rds on top of one another. The root is always the leading tone (7th note) of the harmonic minor scale. |
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Term
| How can you tell what key a diminished 7th chord is in? |
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Definition
Go up one semitone from the root of the chord to find the MINOR tonic note.
Diminished 7th chords are always built in the harmonic minor. |
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Term
| A piece of music is in compound time if the top number in the time signature is __, __ or __. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the correct answer?
In compound time, the time signature tells you how many
PULSES
BEATS
are in one measure of music. |
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Definition
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Term
| How many PULSES make up one BEAT in compound time? |
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Definition
| Three pulses make up one beat of compound time. |
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Term
| When adding rests to complete a measure of music, which beats should be joined together if both are empty? |
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Definition
| Beats 1+2 and beats 3+4 should be joined into one rest if both are empty. |
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Term
| When adding rests to complete a measure of music, which beats should NEVER be joined together? |
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Definition
| Beats 2+3 should NEVER be joined into one rest. |
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Term
| When adding rests to complete a measure of music in compound time, which pulses should be joined together? |
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Definition
| Pulses 1+2 should be joined into one rest. |
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Term
| When adding rests to complete a measure of music in compound time, which pulses should NEVER be joined together? |
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Definition
| Pulses 2+3 should NEVER be joined into one rest. |
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Term
Which is the correct answer?
One full beat of compound time is always
A NORMAL NOTE
A DOTTED NOTE |
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Definition
| One full beat of compound time is always a dotted note or dotted rest. |
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Term
Triplets
[image]
are three notes in the time of ____
normal notes. |
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Definition
Triplets are three notes in the time of
TWO
normal notes. |
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Term
Duplets are the same as
[image]
____ normal notes
in compound time. |
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Definition
Duplets are the same as
THREE normal notes
in compound time. |
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Term
| Instruments such as the Bb clarinet or the English Horn are written ________ than they sound. |
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Definition
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Term
| Music for instruments such as the Bb trumpet or the French Horn sound ________ than they are written. |
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Definition
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Term
| You've been hired by a famous conductor to transpose a melody in concert pitch into music for Bb clarinet. How should you transpose the melody? |
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Definition
| Transpose the music UP a MAJOR 2nd. |
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Term
| You've been hired by the world's best French Horn player to transpose a in concert pitch into music written in her instrument's key. How should you transpose the melody? |
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Definition
| Transpose the music UP a PERFECT 5th. |
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Term
| You're playing the piano with your best friend, who is playing an English Horn. When she tries to play the concert pitch melody of your piano piece with you, it sounds funny, like she's playing in the wrong key. How should she transpose your piano melody so that she's playing in the right key for her instrument? |
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Definition
| She should transpose the concert pitch piano line UP a PERFECT 5th to play in the correct key for her English Horn. |
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Term
| What are the names of the four voices used in short score (two staves) and modern vocal score (four staves)? |
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Definition
| Soprano, alto, tenor and bass |
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Term
| In short score (two stave), which voices have stems up and which have stems down? |
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Definition
Soprano: stems up, treble clef
Alto: stems down, treble clef
Tenor: stems up, bass clef
Bass: stems down, bass clef |
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Term
| What clefs are used for each voice in Modern Vocal Score? |
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Definition
Soprano staff: treble clef
Alto staff: treble clef
Tenor staff: treble clef with 8 below it
Bass staff: bass clef |
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Term
| In string quartet score, what staff names should you use? Which clefs? |
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Definition
Violin I: treble clef
Violin II: treble clef
Viola: ALTO clef
Cello: bass clef |
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Term
| When writing a Rudiments exam, remember to read all instructions __________!!!!!! |
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Definition
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Term
| Some questions give you several different chords, and ask you to identify the one scale that contains them all. How do you solve this problem? |
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Definition
| Write out all of the notes found in the chords in letter-name order, including accidentals. Then identify the scale by looking for key signatures and/or intervals between the notes. |
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Term
What would be the starting note for each of the following scales?
1) G Mixolydian
2) Bb Dorian
3) F# Phrygian
4) A Lydian |
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Definition
1) G Mixolydian: starts on G! (the 5th note of C+)
2) Bb Dorian: starts on Bb! (the 2nd note of Ab+)
3) F# Phrygian: starts on F#! (the 3rd note of D+)
4) A Lydian: starts on A! (the 4th note of E+) |
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