Term
| 3 conditions for interpersonal communication |
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Definition
1. the probability of person A's behavior given to a prior behavior by person B is non-zero (A's behavior is response to/contingent upon B's behavior- nonrandom)
2. the same probability must be significantly different from A's baseline probability of action (A wouldn't have done/said this regardless of B)
3. the first two conditions must hold the roles of A & B reversed (same goes for B with A in 1 & 2 |
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Term
| Difference between interpersonal and relational communication |
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Definition
Interpersonal-refers to the exchange of messages, verbal and nonverbal, between two people regardless of the relationship they share
Relational-narrower;focuses on messages exchanged in close, or potentially close, relationships, such as those between good friends, romantic partners, and family members |
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Term
| 3 elements that define intimate relationships |
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Definition
emotional attachment
need fulfillment
irreplaceability |
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Term
| 3 approaches to interpersonal communication |
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Definition
Symbolic Interactionism-meaning is derived from interaction with each other & that meaning is modified through interaction
Situational Approach-dyadic->small group->public speaking->mass comm;
-Factors: # of communicators and different sensations available, proximity, availability of feedback
Developmental Approach-relationships evolve & change through repeated interaction 1. people make predictions about effects of comm. 2. sources for predictions: cultural, sociological, psychological |
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Term
| Cultural, Sociological, Physchological Data |
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Definition
| Cultural-norm & most basic "where are you from?" Sociological-roles "WIU student, sibling" Psychological-unique to that person-most specific & valuable |
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Term
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Definition
| arbitrary, using discrete arbitrary symbols like MOM to represent a person's mother; no real connection between those 3 letters & that relationship or that person |
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Term
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Definition
| indicitave of what it indicates/represents. fluid. ex. metaphors |
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Term
| Factors that influence initial attraction |
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Definition
Proximity-nearness produces more opportunity for interaction
Physical Attraction-more likely to get involved w/someone we perceive as physically attractive
Similarities-in terms of morals, beliefs, attitudes, etc. |
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Term
| Factors that facilitate attraction |
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Definition
Reciprocity of Liking-rewarding;reinforcing we are "likeable" to others
Compensatory Hypothesis-"opposites attract" Mere Exposure-familiarity breeds attraction
Isolation Anxiety-people are attraction to those who don't want to be left alone |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to perceive physically attractive people as more sociable |
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Term
| What dimensions do people rate their ideal partner on (Fletcher) |
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Definition
warmth-trustworthiness; characteristics to developing intimate, loyal relationships vitality-attractiveness; characteristics of health, vigor, energy
status-resources; characteristics associated with attaining resources |
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Term
| Evolutionary Explanation of Attraction |
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Definition
argues all humans are driven by desire to advance the species
people are attracted to those who they consider to be the "strongest"
Women are looking for men who are willing to commit and provide security for them & offspring
Men are looking for most attractive & potentially most fertile female |
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Term
| Effects of feedback consistentcy |
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Definition
| we are more likely to accept general feedback than specific |
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Term
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Definition
| formed & maintained through actual or imagined interpersonal agreement about what the self is like |
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Term
| Davies assessment of feedback |
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Definition
1. General
2. Specific
3. General rated more accurate than specific & favorable rated more accurate than unfavorable |
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Term
| Observation vs. Affirmation |
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Definition
Observation: self-discovery, self-perception
Affirmation: self-presentation efforts |
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Term
| True Self & Not True Self & Customary Self |
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Definition
True Self-who I really am
Not Self-who I am not
Customary Self: who I see to be most of the time |
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Term
| Goffman's Dramaturgical Perspective (lecture) |
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Definition
Actor-wants to lay claim to a role
Audience-others w/whom we wish to interact
Stage-context for interaction
Script-roles, expectations, sequence of events
Performance-combination of V & NV cues
Reviews-feedback to actor from audience |
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Term
| Goffman's Dramaturgical Perpective Conditions (text) |
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Definition
| The behavior reflects highly valued, core aspects of the self Successful performance is tied to vital positive or negative consequences The behavior reflects directly on valued rules of conduct |
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Term
| Goffmans Dramaturgical Perspective Front & BackStage(text) |
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Definition
Front Stage-where performances are enacted, behaviors observed by audience
Back Stage-where we let guard down, don't have to think about staying in character
Wings-materials & individuals that assist us in giving successful performances |
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Term
| Social Penetration Theory Stages |
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Definition
Orientation-no risky self disclosure, superficial info.
Exploratory Affective Exchange-"testing the water" w. disclosures ( + or -) that are deeper, motivated to develop more meaningful relationship
Affective Exchange-frequent self-disclosure of personal info (+ and -) "good friends"
Stable Exchange-regular exchange of intimate details, intimate details of self and personality known, survives test of time |
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Term
| Dimensions of Social Penetration Theory |
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Definition
Breadth-how many topics a person feels free to discuss
Depth-how personal or deep the communication is
Valence-degree of + or - self disclosure
Frequency-how often people self disclose
Duration-how long people self disclose
Veracity-how honest or deceptive self disclosure is |
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Term
| Risks Associated with Self Disclosure |
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Definition
Fear of exposure or rejection
Fear of loss of control
Fear of retaliation or angry attacks
Fear of losing individuality |
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Term
| Relational Turning Points |
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Definition
Get to know time: initial interaction-first dates, meetings
Quality communication-special times; high quality interaction Passionate Events-first kiss, first "i love you"
Romantic Relationships Transitions
Exclusivity
External Competition
Changes in household
New family members
Disengagement & conflict
interference form a partner
Positive/negative psychic change |
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Term
| Uncertainty Reduction Theory |
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Definition
Forms of Uncertainty-cognitive, behavioral
Levels of Info-cultural, sociological, psychological
Motivations to Reduce Uncertainty
Information Gathering strategies
Thwarting Strategies |
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Term
| URT-Motivations to Reduce Uncertainty |
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Definition
1. partner deviates from the norm
2. if future interaction is anticipated
3. if partner can reward or punish us in some way
4. if we anticipate positive vs. negative information to be disclosed |
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Term
| URT-Information Gathering Strategies |
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Definition
1. Passive-sit back, watch, observe (observational)
2. Actively- asking around (indirect)
3. Interactively-flat out ask them (direct) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Offensive-involve maneuvers to steer or control conversation
2. Defensive-involves maneuvers to thwart attempts to block information (refusals, vague answers |
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Term
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Definition
1. asking third party
2. directness
3. Triangle
4. Separation
5. Endurance
6. Public Presentation
7. Indirect suggestion |
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Term
| Relationship Maintenance Assumptions |
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Definition
1. Social Exchange Perspective: people continue in relationships that are perceived as equitable & rewarding
2. Once relationship is established, must be maintained-partners engage in routines & enact strategies to preserve
3. Maintenance- "actions and activities used to sustain desired relational definition" |
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Term
| Relationship Maintenance Strategies (5 main, 2 secondary) |
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Definition
Positivity-prosocial behaviors by partners
Openness-partners explicitly discuss state of relaitonship Assurances-partners convey commitment and faithfulness, imply future
Social Networks-partners spend time with/discuss common friends & affiliations
Sharing tasks-partner perform fair share of work
Advice Giving-sub of Openness; offer opinions and views of others problems
Conflict Management-sub of Positivity; partners hand conflict contructively |
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Term
| Stafford, Dainton, & Haas (200) |
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Definition
-520 Married Individuals; self reported use of maintenance strategies
Assurance predicted satisfaction, liking,control mutuality & commitment
Networks predicted satisfaction
Openness negatively predicted satisfaction & commitment |
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Term
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Definition
| relationships are never completely stable, but are constantly changing |
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Term
| Managing Dialectical Tensions |
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Definition
Selection
Separation
-cyclic alternation
-topical segmentation
Neutralization
-moderation
-disqualifications
-reframing |
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Term
| Managing Dialectical Tensions in Friendships |
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Definition
independent-dependent
expressive-protection
judgment-acceptance
affection-instrumentality
public-private
ideal-real |
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Term
| Dialectical Tensions Autonomy-Connection |
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Definition
| expressed when people communicate in ways that reflects both closeness and distance (or independence) |
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Term
| Dialectical Tensions Openness-Closedness |
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Definition
refers to communication that occurs within a dyad or group
ex. family knowing they can say anything, but also knowing when they should refrain |
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Term
| Dialectical Tensions Predictability-Novelty |
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Definition
| reflects the tension between forces of certainty, stability and routine and the forces of surprise, change, and newness |
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Term
| Assumptions about Communication |
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Definition
1. One cannot NOT communicate
2. Every communication has a content and a relationship aspect such that the latter classifies he former and is therefore a meta communication
3. The nature of a relationship is contingent upon the punctuation of the communication sequences between the communicants |
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Term
| Centripetal Approach to Relationships |
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Definition
| people in close, committed relationships stay together unless something pulls them apart |
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Term
| Centrifugal Approach to Relationships |
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Definition
| people must work actively to maintain their relationships. Without maintenance relationships will deteriorate. |
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