Term
| What is Anorexia Nervosa? |
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Definition
| Involves serious weight loss, an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, loss of irregularity of the menstrual period, a distorted sense of body shape and refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height (at least 15% below expected weight.) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The loss or irregularity of the menstrual period. |
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Term
| What is anorexia nervosa the restricting type? |
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Definition
| Weight loss is due to food restriction. The person has not regularly engaged in binge eating or purging behavior. |
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Term
| What is Anorexia Nervosa Binge eating/purging type? |
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Definition
| Regularly engages in binge eating and purging. Associated with more psychopathological behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| self induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics and enemas. |
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Term
| Anorexia Nervosa is a lethal disorder that usually persists for years. This disorder is ____ times more common in young women than me. and usually begins at __________. The connection between anorexia and _______ is particularly strong. There is great prevalence in _________ and ________ classes. |
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Definition
| 10, depression, middle and upper |
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Term
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Definition
| Overly concerned with weight, having eating binges in discrete period of time (within any 2 hour period), an amount of food that is definitely large than the most people would eat during a similar period of time under similar circumstances. Persons with this dieorder feel they cannot stop when they are binging and lack the control to stop. |
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Term
| what is Bulimia Nervosa Purging type? |
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Definition
| Self induced purging of food after binging such as vomiting, misusing, laxatives, enemas or diuretics. |
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Term
| what is Bulimia Nervosa Purging type? |
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Definition
| Self induced purging of food after binging such as vomiting, misusing, laxatives, enemas or diuretics. |
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Term
| what is Bulimia Nervosa Purging type? |
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Definition
| Self induced purging of food after binging such as vomiting, misusing, laxatives, enemas or diuretics. |
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Term
| What is Bulimia Nervosa non-purging type? |
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Definition
| Compensates for eating binge by fasting or excessive exercise, but has not engaged regularly in self induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics or enemas. |
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Term
| What is the Etiology of Anorexia? |
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Definition
1. Malfunctioning of the hypothalamus has been proposed to play a role.
2. starvation may increase opioid levels and induce euphoric state.
3. culture standards of beauty
4. The need for control often linked to trauma. Family systems only way to assert oneself. |
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Term
| What is the etiology of bulimia? |
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Definition
1. Serotonin levels have been found to be in low and may stimulate carbohydrate cravings.
2. Cultural standards equating beauty with thinness prompt dieting, which often fails and leads to more desperate attempts to compensate when binges occur.
3. Sexual abuse and trauma |
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Term
| what are the lab findings of bulimia? |
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Definition
| Esophagitis, cathartic colon, damage to the heart due to ipecac abuse. |
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Term
| What are the lab findings for anorexia? |
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Definition
| cardiovascular changes, congestive heart failure, EKG changes, anemia, gastrointestinal changes, osteoporosis, amenorrhea and hypothyroid like state. |
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Term
| What are the types of anorexia? |
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Definition
restricting type
binge-eating/purging type |
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Term
| what are the types of bulimia? |
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Definition
purging type
non-purging type- keeps food in, but does behavior to compensate: fasting, exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Body weight at least 15% below expected weight.
2. self-starvation with extreme fear of being fat.
3. distorted view of body.
4. amenorrhea |
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Term
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Definition
1. may be thin, may be heavy in weight.
2. recurrent bing-eating episodes followed by an attempt to compensate for the binge, most commonly self-induced by bomitting.
3. Not anorexia. |
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Term
| What are the physical symptoms of anorexia? |
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Definition
1. Emaciation conceals this by wearing large loose clothing
2. lanugo- fine hairs that grow on the body to attempt to insulate it because of lack of fat.
3. skin often yellowish, dry skin and frequent bruising.
4. hair loss
5. dehydration
6. enamel erosion
7. Esophagus |
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Term
| What are the physical symptoms of bulimia? |
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Definition
1. enamel erosion
2. loss of teeth.
3. gum disease
4. chipmunk cheek- swollen salivary glands from vomiting.
5. sore throat because of induced vomiting.
6. painful burning in the throat and chest.
7. may vomit blood from small tears in the esophagus.
8. rupture of the esophagus my lead to circulatory collapse and death.
9. dehydration. |
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Term
| What are comorbid psychological disorders with anorexia? |
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Definition
Depressie disorders 50-75%
obsessive/compulsive d/o 10-13%
personality d/o 30-77%
phoabias, simple 25%, social 30% |
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Term
| What are some comorbid psychological disorders of bulimia? |
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Definition
Depressive d/o 47-75%
anxiety d/o 56-91
kleptomania 44%
substance abuse |
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Term
| What is the most effective documented treatments for anorexia? |
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Definition
1. feeding (forced if necessary to gain weight)
2. daily weigh ins,
3. behavioral interventions and treatment contracts
4. nutritional counseling.
5. Family therapy- most effective with young anorectics
6. group psychotherapy to assist with validation and helping to identify and tolerate feelings paticularly anger and closeness. |
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Term
| what is the most effective treatment for bulimia? |
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Definition
1. antidepressant medication
2. cognitive behavioral therapy to learn normal eating habits, prevent purging after binges and change attitudes toward weight and shape.
3. nutritional counseling
4. group psychotherapy to assist with validation and helping to identify and tolerate feeling s particularly anger and closeness. |
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Term
| What are the treatment outcomes for anorexia? |
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Definition
Studies vary in quality and duration of follow up:
1. full recovery 35-50%
2. Partial Recovery 30-35%
3. No improvement, chronically ill 20%
4. Mortality rate 5% |
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Term
| What are the treatment outcomes for Bulimia? |
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Definition
Study of those completing programs
1. 50% recovery
2. 50-90% reduce binge eating and purging behaviors. |
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Term
| What is Eating Disorder NOS? |
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Definition
| Some people may not meet the full criteria for anorexia or bulimia. Individual begin as anorexic but then do not hold the low weight (15% below) and may go onto to develop bulimia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hoped that research will help to determine the possible utility of this diagnosis or refine the criteria. This disorder involves recurrent eating binges, lack of control during binges, distress about bingeing, rapid eating without any compensatory behaviors and absence of weight loss and purging. |
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Term
| Is Obesity in the DSM-IV and how should it be coded? |
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Definition
It is NOT included in the DSM-IV because it lacks a consistent psychological pattern.
Simple obesity is included in the international classification of disease in general medical
condition.
Axis I Maladaptive health behaviors, overeating lack of exercise, affecting obesity
Axis II no diagnosis
Axis III Obesity
Axis IV Victim of child neglect
Axis V GAF 73 |
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Term
V- Codes
Appropriate diagnosis to consider if: |
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Definition
Other Conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention.
1. Problem is the focus of diagnosis of treatment and the individual has no mental disorder.
2. individual has a mental disorder but it is unrelated to the problem
3. individual has a mental disorder that is related to the problem but the problem is sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention.
THE PROBLEM BECOMES A FOCUS OF TREATMENT! |
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Term
| V codes all go on Axis ______ except for Borderline intellectual functioning which goes on Axis ___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Medical related issues
Psychological factor affecting medical condition
medication induced movement disorders
2. Relational Problems
related to mental disorder or general medical condition
parent child relational problem
partner relational problem
sibling relational problem
relational problem NOS
3. Abuse or neglect
Physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect of Child
Physical, sexual abuse or neglect of adult
4. Additional conditions
Noncomliance with treatment
malingereing
adult antisocial behabior
child or adolescent antisocial behavior
borderline intellectual functioning -Axis II
age related cognitive decline
bereavement
academic problem
occupational problem
identity problem
religious or spiritual problem
acculturation problem -problems adjusting different cultures
phase of life problem |
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Term
| Personality Disorders are always diagnose on Axis ___ along with _________ and _________ |
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Definition
II
borderline intellectual functioning and mental retardation |
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Term
| Do not diagnose an individual with a personality disorder while they are in the midst of an episode of a major psychiatric illness ________ having information about the person's behavior ______ the episode |
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Definition
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Term
| Impairment in functioning is seldom as profound in ___________ as in major mood disorders and schizophrenia. Individuals with _____ seldom require hospitalization. |
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Definition
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Term
| Axis __ disorders are more responsive to treatment than Axis ___ d/o |
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Definition
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Term
| Axis ____ d/o are difficult to treat as they are _____ and _______ patterns of behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ _____ are ingrained, enduring patterns of behaving, feeling, perceiving and thinking which are prominent in a wide range of personal and social contexts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Personality d/o are usually recognizable by _______ or earlier, continue throughout adulthood, and become less obvious throughout middle age. |
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Definition
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Term
3 Clusters of Personality d/o
What is personality d/o are in Cluster A? |
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Definition
(odd or eccentric)
paranoid personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder |
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Term
| What is personality d/o are in Cluster B? |
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Definition
(dramatic, emotional, or erratic)
antisocial personality d/o
borderline personality d/o
histrionic personality d/o
narcissistic personality d/o |
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Term
| What is personality d/o are in Cluster c? |
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Definition
anxious and fearful
Avoidant personality d/o
Dependent personality d/o
Obssessive-compulsive personality d/o |
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Term
| Personality disorders NOS include |
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Definition
| passive aggressive personality d/o |
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Term
| Personality Disorders are Ego_______. |
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Definition
Egosyntonic
in harmony with or acceptable to the needs of the ego. |
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Term
| What are the essential features of Paranoid personality d/o? |
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Definition
Distrust of others without reason.
SUSPICIOUS and believes that others are trying to exploit, harm or deceive;
rigid and unforgiving;
hypersensitive and defensive: quick to find fault in others:
belief in hidden meanings
More common in men than women.
Suspicious of psychotherapeutic treatments and apt to bring law suits. |
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Term
| What are the features of Schizoid personality disorder? |
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Definition
LONER
indifferent to social relationships
socially isolate and do not like human contact emotionally or sexually
very limited range of emotion, both in expression of and experiencing.
prevalence is unknown
DESIRE SOLITUDE
poor social skills |
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Term
| Schizotypal personality Disorder |
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Definition
ECCENTRICS
NON COMFORMITY
Filled with weird thoughts and peculiar ideas
Magical thinking
"If I think hard enough I can make the wind blow"
affect is flat or inappropriate
unkempt,
anxious around others, paranoid thinking
often talking to self or giggling for no reason
superstitious |
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Term
| Antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
Violates rights of others
ONSENT prior to age 15 is conduct disorder which persist into adulthood
poor job performance
irresponsible and impulsive
dangerous and aggressive behavior
manipulative and deceitful
irritable, charming
intimidates, exploits and controls others
emotionally shallow and LACKING REMORSE
bending the rules, taking advantage of opportunity.
I MUST BE IN CONTROL. |
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Term
| Borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
EMOTIONAL, emotional instability
problems with anger
INTERPERSONAL: unstable and chaotic relationships, EFFORTS TO AVOID LOSS OR ABANDONMENT.
Behavioral: Suicideal threats, impulsive behaviors, self damaging behaviors, alcohol and drug abuse.
COGNITIVE: cognitive rigidity, splitting or dichotomous thinking:
SELF: unstable self image, chronic emptiness, low self, esteem,
Creates loneliness, can't tolerate ambiguity.
I HATE YOU DON'T LEAVE ME.
rage at other who is letting them down. SPLITTING,
ie: fatal attraction
CANT TOLERATE AMBIGUITY |
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Term
| Histrionic personality disorder |
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Definition
uncomfortable unless the center of attention,
inappropriate sexually seductive behavior
OVERDRAMATIC: Shallow.
emotionally excited over minor stimuli,temper tantrums
crave novelty and become quickly bored with normal routines
want constant attention, praise, or reassurance
quick to form friendships but quick to become inconsiderate and demanding
may manipulate with suicidal threats
more common in females than males. |
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Term
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Grandiose self-importance
craves universal admiration,
desire to appear god-like
overestimates accomplishment and failures
preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success and fame
sense of entitilement as if they are masters and everyone else is servants
intolerance to criticism and if doubted may respond with narcissistic rage
depressed moods often result when they are rejected.
splitting is common.
donald trump |
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Term
| Avoidant personality disorder |
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Definition
Social discomfort and inhibition
feeling of inadequacy
hypersensitivity
fear of negative evaluation
avoids activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism or rejection
Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing or inferior to others
Angry and upset at on inability to relate
they will try to prevent rejection by ingratiating themselves to others
Desire of social acceptance. |
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Term
| Dependent Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Dependent on others to take care of things in all areas of life
view themselves as inept or stupid
They may be productive but only if supervised
afraid to be alone or abandoned
easily hurt and fear rejection
incessantly asking for advice or clarification
difficulty expressing disagreement because of fear of loss of support or approval
urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a closer relations ends.
domestic violence |
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Term
| Obsessive compulsive personality disorder |
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Definition
PERFECTIONISM and preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order organization or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.
Insistence that others submit to their way of doing it.
Workaholic, devotion to work to the exclusion of fun and friendships
difficulty making a decision without exhaustive analysis for fear of making a mistake, annoy others with their endless irrelevant details and inability to get to the point.
CONTROL
Monica from friends, claudia |
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Term
| What are the three kinds of dyssomnias? |
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Definition
1. To little sleep: Primary insomnia
2. Too much sleep: Primary Hypersomnia, Narcolepsy
3. Problems during sleep: Breathing Related, Circadian Rhythm, Dyssomnia NOS |
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Term
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Definition
| There is a dysfunction with they sleep cycle itself. |
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Term
| What is the criteria for sleep disorders? |
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Definition
| It has to do with a DISTURBANCE in sleep at least ONE MONTH in duration. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Problems that occur during sleep, like nightmares |
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Term
|
Definition
too LITTLE sleep,
Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
Duration at least ONE MONTH
Clues: can't sleep at night
wakes up every hour all night
sleepy all day |
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Term
| Define Primary Hypersomnia |
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Definition
Too MUCH sleep, excessive sleepiness, Duration at least ONE month
Clue: Cannot stay awake all day, sleeps all the time, could take a nap anytime. |
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Term
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Definition
Irresistble attacks of refreshing sleep
Duration at least THREE months
CLUE: has sleep attacks, drooping eyelids, falls asleep in the middle of activities. |
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Term
| Define Breathing related sleep Disorder |
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Definition
Excessive sleepiness or insomnia caused by abnormalities in breathing.
Clues: snoring, windpipe closes, morning headaches, has difficulty breathing at night, wakes self up trying to breath. |
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Term
| Define Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder |
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Definition
Sleep disruption caused by mismatch between one's environment and own circadian cycle
CLUE: intense jet lag, cannot adjust to night shift work, subtypes: jet lag, shift work |
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Term
|
Definition
Repeated awakening by frightening dreams
Clues: Recurrent scary dreams, bad dreams wake him or her up, distressed about the nightmare |
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Term
|
Definition
Recurrent, abrupt awakening from sleep begins with PANICKY SCREAM
CLUE: wakes up screaming, awakens suddenly in panic, no dream recall |
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Term
|
Definition
Complex motor behaviors while asleep
CLUE: Wanders around the house while sleeping, no memory of sleep walking walks in his sleep. |
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Term
| Impulse control Disorders |
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Definition
| These disorders involve failure to resist impulse drive or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to self or others. There is TENSION before committing to the act and pleasure or release after the act. The person may feel regret or guilt. |
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Term
| Define Intermittent Explosive D/O |
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Definition
Suddenly losing control and becoming aggressive which leads to serious assault or property destruction. No previous stressors to trigger this behavior. Not due to intoxication or substances or other mental disorders.
Differential DX: Conduct d/o, borderline, antisocial and alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
Failure to resist impulses to steal items that nor needed. There is tension before the stealing and a sense of relief during the theft.
Average age 35, 16 year duration
Differential DX: bipolar, conduct d/o antisocial pd |
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Term
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Definition
Purposefully sets fires and takes enjoyment watching what others have to do in result of this. There is a tension before the fire setting a a feeling and sense of gratification and pleasure after the fire setting.
Differential Dx:bipolar, conduct, antisocial pd |
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Term
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Definition
Irresistible urge or impulse to gamble and preoccupied with gambling. The gambling behavior may disrupt personal, family and vocational pursuits. Seeks out the euphoric state that the gambling gives them and the bets become larger and greater risks must be taken to continue to produce the desired level of excitement.
Differential Dx: bipolar d/o, substance abuse or dependence, borderline pd |
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Term
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Definition
Recurrent pulling out of one's hair resulting in noticeable hair loss. An increasing sense of tension immediately before pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior. Pleasure, gratification or relief when pulling out the hair.
Differential dx: substance abuse or dependence, anxiety d/o, tourettes d/o |
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Term
| Impulse control disorder NOS |
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Definition
| other disorders not otherwise specified for example self harm and cutting. |
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Term
| What are the 9 sexual dysfunctions |
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Definition
Sexual desire d/o
1. Hypoactive sexual desire d/o
2. sexual aversion d/o
sexual arousal d/o
3. female sexual arousal d/o
4. male erectile d/o
orgasm d/o
5. female orgasmic d/o
6. male orgasmic d/o
7. premature ejaculation
Sexual pain d/o
8. Dyspareunia
9. Vaginismus |
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Term
| hypoactive sexual desire disorder |
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Definition
| not having sexual fantasies or a desire or sexual activity |
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Term
|
Definition
| avoidance of and lack of desire to have genital contact with partner |
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Term
| female sexual arousal disorder |
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Definition
| lack of pleasure during sex or inability to stay lubricated during sex. |
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Term
|
Definition
| not able to achieve or maintain an erection during sex |
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Term
|
Definition
| delay in or absence of orgasm following normal sexual excitement phase This d/o does not apply to woman who cannot achieve an orgasm during intercourse but can otherwise achieve orgasm. |
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Term
|
Definition
| delay in or absence of orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase |
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Term
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Definition
| ejaculation occurs before a man desires it to. most popular sexual d/o |
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Term
|
Definition
| recurrent genital pain during or after sexual intercourse. This may appear in men but usually in women. |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to have sexual intercourse due to involuntary muscle spasms in the outer third of the vagina making intercourse painful or impossible. |
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Term
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Definition
| the involuntary and repeated need for unusual or bizarre imagery, act or objects to induce sexual excitement. Most are of unknown etiology and usually occur in men. It usually causes much distress in an individual's life, marriage and result in job loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exposure of genitals to a non-consenting stranger or has fantasized about this. In some cases the individual may also masturbate while exposing himself. |
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Term
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Definition
| intense desire to use or fantasize about using non living objects (fetishes) to achieve sexual gratification. Most fetishes are women's undergarments, shoes, stocking or other clothing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gratification by touching or rubbing usually their genitals against a non consenting person. This behavior often occurs in busy crowded places such as on busy streets or on crowded buses or subways. |
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Term
|
Definition
Involves sexual activity with a child generally UNDER AGE 13. Individual with this must be over 16 years of age and be at least 5 YEARS OLDER THAN THE CHILD. The individual wit this d/o is usually sexually abused as child.
Chronic d/o no treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| DESIRE TO BE MADE TO SUFFER. Involves pleasure and excitement produced by pain either inflicted by other or by oneself. It usually begins in childhood or adolescence and is chronic. An individual with achieves gratification by experiencing pain. |
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Term
|
Definition
desire to MATK OTHERS SUFFER an achieving sexual gratification by inflicting pain on other person either physically or psychologically. The activity may involve a consenting or non consenting partner.
Code words can be used. I WANT TO MAKE YOU SUFFER. |
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Term
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Definition
| HETEROSEXUAL MALES who dress in women's clothing to ACHieve a sexual response. The activity may begin in adolescence and in secret. later as an adult the man may dress as a woman completely and in public. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual excitement in watching unsuspecting people who are nude undressing or having sex. They are almost always male and the victims are usually strangers. They may fantasize about having sex with the victim but almost never actually pursues this. They may return to watch the same stranger repeatedly, but there is rarely any physical contact. Peeping tom. |
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Term
|
Definition
Not otherwis classified and uncommon examples:
zoophilia: may focus sexual feelings on domesticated animals such as dogs or farm animals such as sheep or goats
Necrophilia: sexual feeling or having sex with a corpse. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Involve strong feeling of incongruence btwn gender at birth and gender identity. There is a conflict btwn one's anatomicals sex and one's gender identity with a strong wish to be rid of one's genitals and live as the opposite sex. It occurs in both men and women. |
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Term
| When does gender identity disorder begin? |
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Definition
It typically begins in childhood with problems that manifest in adolesscence aor adulthood by a person dressing in clothing appropriate for the desired gender as opposed to one's birth gender. They may seed gender reassignment surgery. (Transgender) They grow up feeling rejecgted and out of place. Suicide attempts and substance abuse are common.
nature vs. nurture |
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Term
| What is the Etiology for Gender Identity D/O? |
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Definition
| There is no clearly understood or universally agreed upon cause. Studies suggest biological factors, environmental conditions, socialization as contributors. It tends to be chronic id it persists into adolescence. |
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Term
| Treatment of Gender Identity Disorder |
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Definition
| The initial aim is to help individuals function in their biologic sex roles to the greatest degree possible through individual psychotherapy. Adults who have severe d/o for many years sometimes request reassignment of their sex or sex change surgery. Before surgery they usually undergo hormone therapy to suppress same sex characteristics and to accentuate other sex characteristics. Severe Problems can result from hormone therapy and sexual reassignment. |
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Term
|
Definition
Heterosexual males want to be male and DO NOT wish to get rid of their genitals.
Cross dressing for sexual pleasure or excitement. |
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Term
| Transsexual (gender identity disorder) |
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Definition
Female gender identity. The male wants to be female and wish to get rid of their genitals. or vice a versa.
Cross dressing is done ONLY TO BE in accord with their own gender identity. |
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Term
| 10 Categories in DSM related to d/o usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence. |
|
Definition
1. Mental Retardation
2. Learning disorders
3. Motor skills disorders
4. Communication disorder
5. Pervasive Developmental disorders
6. Attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders
7. feeding and eating disorders of infancy or early childhood
8. Tic Disorders
9. Elimination Disorders
10. Other disorders of infancy, childhood or adolescence |
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Term
|
Definition
| This diagnosis is coded on Axis II. This is given when a individual is far below average intellectual functioning and there are deficits in adaptive behavior such as problems with social skills, communication or ability to self care. |
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Term
| What are the degrees of Mental retardation by IQ |
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Definition
Mild 50-55 to 70 Majority of mentally retarded people
Moderate 35-40 to 50-55 Appx 10%
Severe 20-25-35-40 Appx 4%
Profound below 20-25 about 1-2% |
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Term
|
Definition
Specific delay in the development of specific academic, language, speech or motor skill IN RELATION to their generalized intellectual level and education. The Diagnosis is made by using a standardized, individually administered test of ability and intellectual capacity.
1. Mathematics d/o
2. Disorder of written Expression
3. Reading D/O (Dyslexia)
4. Leaning D/o NOS
Usually not diagnosed until school age. Nearly 40% of children with d/o drop out of school. |
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Term
|
Definition
Marked impairment in the development of gross and fine motor coordination skills compared with expected chronological age and IQ. These symptoms are not due to a known physical disorder such as cerebral palsy. Roughly 6% of school age children have some degree of developmental coordination disorder.
They may trip over their own feet, run into children, have trouble holding objects, unsteady gait which may result in injury and poor self esteem.
Communication d/o and d/o of written expresseion are often associated with this condition.
DX Developmental coordination d/o may appear in conjunction with other learning d/o or may occur alone |
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Term
|
Definition
Marked impairment in the development of communication skills that interfere with interpersonal or academic functioning. Overall there is a difficulty in understanding spoken language or in oral expression. Cause of this d/o is unknown.
1. Expressive language d/o
2. mixed receptive expressive language d/o
3. Phonological d/o
4. stuttering
5. communication d/o NOS |
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|
Term
| 4 Pervasive Developmental Disorders |
|
Definition
Autistic d/o
Asperger's d/o
Rett's d/o
Childhood disintegrative d/o |
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Term
|
Definition
| Essential features of this d/o include lack of social interactions or concerns for others. For example, child is passive, aloof, shows little eye contact or smiling stiffens when touched. Do not respond to smiling or cuddling. People may be treated as objects , child lacks interest or ability to make friends. 50% of these children use no verbal communication. Children with autism self stimulate by rocking spinning or head banging. They usually have restricted interests and activities and are highly anxious with change. Onset is prior to three years of age. |
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Term
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Definition
| Less severe form of autism. There is severe impairment in social interaction but no impairment in language or cognitive skills. |
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Term
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Definition
The infant has normal development up until 5 months of age. Then there is abnormal slowing of head growth from 5 months to 4 years old. the child has losses in previous developed skills, loss of hand coordination and development of the stereotyped hand movement such as hand wringing.
The child loses interest in social environment and shows severe loss in expressive and receptive language as well as motor coordination. Usually the d/o is associated with profound or severe mental retardation. Treatment is geared toward symptom relief and therefore physiotherapy may be undertaken which is aimed at muscular dysfunction and medication used to control seizures. Behavior therapy is used to teach self coping mechanisms. |
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Term
| Childhood Disintegrative Disorder |
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Definition
| This is a rare condition which resembles autism but develops only after a relatively prolonged period of clearly normal development. Usual onset is age 3 or 4 years old but MUST occur BEFORE AGE 10. Once develops disorder loss of skills occurs in at least 2 areas and can include all of the following: language, social, bowel/bladder, play and or motor skills. The etiology is unknown and the treatment is similar to autism focusing on behavioral and collaborative efforts. |
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Term
| Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
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Definition
| This disorder describes a child who has trouble sitting still or paying attention. To diagnose this disorder the symptoms must be PRESENT BEFORE AGE 7 lasting at LEAST 6 MONTHS and occurring in at LEAST TWO SETTINGS. |
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Term
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Definition
Specify childhood or adolescent onset.
Describes a child whose behaviors include persistent violation of other's rights through such behaviors as destructiveness, lying, theft, firesetting, and vandalism. ** Always look for substance abuse first.
common to kill animals. Arguing and aggressive.
Usually by age 16 |
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Term
| ___________ disorder must be present in childhood for an adult to be diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder. |
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Definition
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Term
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
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Definition
This disorder describes negative, hostile and defiant, argumentative behavior toward authority for at least six months.
Refuses to obey, defy adult requests. Symptoms begin 6-8 years of age. Paradoxical intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not enough information or behaviors to qualify for Oppositional defiant d/o or conduct d/o |
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Term
| 3 Feeding and eating disorders of infancy or early childhood |
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Definition
1. Pica: Eating nonnutritive subsstances such as bugs, dirt or glue for at least 1 MONTH.
2. Rumination Disorder: Repeating regurgitation and re-chewing of food. Onset 3-12 months. old usually before age 6. More in males potentially fatal.
3. Feeding Disorder of infancy or early childhood:
Failure to eat where infant has subsequent weight loss or failure to gain weight for at least ONE MONTH. Treatment: medical referral, rule out abuse/neglect |
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Term
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Definition
It is an involuntary sudden rapid non rhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization.
1. Tourette's d/o: It includes multiple motor AND vocal tics DAILY for at LEAST ONE YEAR, usually occurring in adolescence of childhood and before the age of 18.
2. Chronic motor OR vocal tic: Either MOTOR OR Vocal tics but not both, nearly DAILY for more then a year before age 18.
3. Transient Tic Disorder: Motor and Vocal tics like in Tourette's but duration is between 4 WEEKS AND 1 YEAR.
4. Tic Disorder NOS
Anti psychotic work 75% of the time. Likely inherited. |
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Term
| What is the difference btwn Tourette's and Chronic motor or vocal Tic d/o? |
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Definition
Tourettes is both multiple motor an vocal tics daily for at least one year
Chronic Motor or vocal tic is EITHER motor or vocal tics but not both daily for more than a year before the age 18 |
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Term
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Definition
1. Encopresis
With constipation and overflow
without constipation and overflow
2. Enuresis:voluntary or involuntary passage of urine into bed or clothes. Child must be aleast 5 Years old. Must be twice a week for at least 3 consecutive months.
Nocturnal only
Nocturnal and Diurnal |
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Term
| 4 Other disorder of infancy, childhood, adolescence |
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Definition
1. Separation Anxiety D/o: Persistent excessive, age appropriate fear of being away from home or from a primary caregiver overwehlming ANXIETY
2. Selective Mutism: Despite normal ability to communicate, failure to speak in specific social situations. correlated to abuse preverbal.
express the inexpressible- art therapy
3. Reactive attachment disorder
Inhibited and Disinhibited:
Describes a child who displays almost no social interest or will be overly affectionate to total strangers. In the past, the child has not received proper care and has not had basic emotional or physical needs met or has had many changes in living situations and in caretakers resulting in an inability to attach. Onset before age 5.
Kids from orphanages, or bad attachment issues.
4. stereotypic movement disorder with self injurious behavior: repetitive, seemingly drive and nonfunctional motor behavior. Rocking or picking that causes physical harm or causes impairment in daily function. |
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Term
| Disorders found in other areas of the DSM that may be used for children |
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Definition
substance related d/o
schizohrenia
mood disorders
anxiety do
somatoform do
dissocitative do
gender identity do
parasomnias
other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention |
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Term
| If a child does not fit in normal category of childhood mood d/o than consider major depressive d/o with _______ features. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Axis I clinical d/o
Axis II personality d/o and mental retardation
Axis III General medical condition
Axis IV Psychosocial and Environmental problem
Axis V GAF
70-61 mild symptoms
60-51 moderate symptoms panic attacks few friends
50-41 serious symptoms suicidal, failing classes
40-31 major impairment illogical speech |
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Term
| Steps to consider when making a diagnosis |
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Definition
1. rule out drugs and alcohol, medical conditions
2. determine categories or sub categories
3. establish if it is truly a mental disorder- does it impair?
4. diagnostic efficiency- parsimony |
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Term
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Definition
| second level of communication which qualifies the primary level of communication. problems arise when they contradict with for example tone or facial expression |
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Term
| a double bind message is a particularly destructive form of _________ _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ practicing therapists believe all behavior is communication at some level. |
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Definition
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Term
Relationships are defined by _______ messages.
MRI |
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Definition
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Term
| relationships are described as _________ or __________. |
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Definition
symmetrical
complementary |
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Term
| _______relationships run the risk of becoming competitive. |
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Definition
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Term
| Every communication has a content _______ and a relationship _______ aspect. |
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Definition
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Term
| In ___________ communication one person assumes superior position and the other inferior. |
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Definition
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Term
| define therapeutic double bind |
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Definition
paradoxical techniques used to change entrenched family patterns. force a family into a no lose situation.
Ie: depressed person is told to not be in such a hurry to give up depression |
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Term
| Define prescribing the symptom (MRI) |
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Definition
| aka therapeutic double bind. family is instructed to continue or exaggerate what it is already doing. fighting couple is instructed to fight every 15 minutes. |
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Term
| define relabeling (MRI- book) |
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Definition
changing the label attached to a person or problem from negative to positive.
ie: mother is not over protective, she's helpful |
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Term
| ________ Brief family therapy highly focused short term methods |
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Definition
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Term
| Focus is on treating the __________ not the problem. MRI |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 types of misguided solutions (MRI) |
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Definition
1. action is necessary but not taken
2. action is taken when unnecessary
3. action is taken at wrong level |
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Term
| Haley said that symptom is a ___________ adapting to current social situation,for controlling a relationship when all others have failed. (strategic) |
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Definition
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Term
| Strategist define symptoms as an _________event, as tactics used by one person to deal with another |
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Definition
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Term
| the ___________ is to strategic therapy as interpretation is to psychoanalysis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| assignment of tasks to be performed outside of the therapeutic session to get people to behave differently, to intensify the therapeutic relationship, and to gather information by their reactions. |
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Term
| ___________movement along with its constructivist epistemology views that each person involved constructs his personalized views and interpretation of what they might be experiencing together. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe a postmodern therapist |
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Definition
therapist is no longer detached powerful observer or sole expert but rather a partaker with his beliefs ready to play a role with family member in constructing reality being observed. They help clients co-construct alternative stories.
Assumption of shared experience. |
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Term
| name some postmodern therapies |
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Definition
narrative
collaborative
social construction |
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Term
| ____________ thinkers emphasize that our beliefs about the world are social inventions; they evolve from conversations with other people. It is through the interactive process of language that people connect and construct their shared views of reality. |
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Definition
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Term
| Postmodern thinkers believe that reality is _______ not discovered. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some characteristics of social constructionist therapists. |
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Definition
1. therapist client relationship is egalitarian
2. relationship is one of therapist client mutual inquiry
3. client is the expert of their own life
4. assumptions about the presenting problems are explored
5. focus attention is cognition not behavior
6. beliefs shape action, and culture shapes beliefs
7 language is the vehicle for forming new constructions
8. goal is to help client explore new meaning in their lives. |
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Term
| What does Hoffman proposes that social constructionism presents six challenges. |
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Definition
1. as the observer cannot be separated from the observed, there is no such thing as objective social research.
2. The concept of the self is socially constructed rather than being an observable, stable entity.
3. there is no universal standard for normal development
4. emotions are context determined rather than internal stable states
5. there is no underlying meaning for communication as what is defined as context is often subjective.
6. therapists are not blessed with special insights into individuals or families but rather are participants in constructing a reality with their clients. |
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Term
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Definition
| one's principle view on the world |
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