Term
|
Definition
1. Elimination of metabolic wastes
2. Blood pressure regulation
3. Erythrocyte production
4. Vitamin D activation
5. Acid-base balance |
|
|
Term
| Kidneys role with vitamin D? |
|
Definition
| converts vitamin D from food to an active form for use by the body |
|
|
Term
| How do kidneys help maintain acid base balance |
|
Definition
| they secrete H ions into the tubules and reabsorbs bicarb from the tubules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Obtained in diet or UV radiation
-Has to be activated in liver and 2nd step in kidney proces
-Helps with absorption of Ca and decreased Ca is replaced with fibrous tissue
-Depends on cholesterol in the blood. |
|
|
Term
| What triggers the release of renin |
|
Definition
1. decreased renal perfusion
2. extracellular fluid
3. serum Na concentrations
4. increased urinary concentrations |
|
|
Term
| Post volume residual urine |
|
Definition
normal is <50ml
a strait catheterization or ultrasound is performed after a person has voided to determine amount of urine left in bladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. diagnose disorders that affect kidney and tubules
2. Assess coagulation status prior to a procedure |
|
|
Term
| Upper Urinary Tract Infection |
|
Definition
-Affects renal parenchyma, pelvis, and ureters
-CM: fever, chills, flank pain
-Pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Lower tract urinary infection |
|
Definition
-lower urinary tract
-no systemic manifestations
-cystitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obstruction, stones, catheters
have DM or neurologic disorders |
|
|
Term
| UTI can be caused by an alteration in defense mechanisms by: |
|
Definition
1. Complete emptying of the bladder
2. Ureterovesical junction competence
3. Peristaltic activity in ureters
4. ph<6
5. Abundant glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
| Causes of nephrotic syndrome |
|
Definition
-primary glomular disease
-multisystem disease
-infections
-neoplasms
-allergens
-drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
magnesium ammonium phosphate
associated with UTI
Alkaline urine |
|
|
Term
| Indications for surgical removal of stones |
|
Definition
1. stones to large for spontaneous passage(>4mm)
2. stones associated with bacteria or symptomatic infection
3. stones causing persistant pain or nausea
4. inability of patient to be treated medically
5. patient who only has one kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sardines
goose
liver
venison
meat soups
sweet breads |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spinach, beets, nuts, tomatos, coffee, chocolate, tea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by factors outside the kidney that reduce renal blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mechanical obstruction to urinary outflow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conditions that cause direct damage to renal tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypovolemia
decreased CO
decreased peripheral vascular resistance
vascular obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
BPH
prostate cancer
renal calculi
trauma
extrarenal tumors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prolonged ischemia
nephrotoxins
Malignant HTN
renal diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vancomyocin, aminoglycoside abx
contrast agents
hemoglobin released from hemolyzed RBCs
myoglobin released from necrotic muscle cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high specific gravity (>1.030)
high urine osmolality (>300)
low urine Na (<40) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Normal specific gravity
Urine osmolarity <300
high urine Na (>40)
RBC/WBC casts |
|
|
Term
| Manifestations of fluid volume excess |
|
Definition
JVD
edema
HTN
CHF
pulmonary edema
pericardia/pleural effusions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-volume overload
-hyperkalemia with EKG changes
-metabolic acidosis (bicar <15)
-change in mental status
-BUN >120
-pericarditis, pericardial effusion, or cardiac tamponade |
|
|
Term
| hypermagnesiemia clinical manifestations |
|
Definition
absence of reflex
decreased mental status
hypotension
respiratory failure |
|
|
Term
| Clinical manifestations of hypotension |
|
Definition
NV
light headedness
seizures
vision changes
CP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
seizure, twitching, confusion, NV
usually on 1st tx
increased BUN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contamination of dialysate or tubing
cloudy peritoneal effluent
elevated WBC
CM: abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal distention, vomiting, hyperactive bowel sounds |
|
|
