Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, agonist
Mechanism: stimulation of D1 rececptors (dilation of blood vessels in kidney), direct alpha and beta agonist, indirect sympathomimetic
Indication: shock, selected pts with CHF
Adverse Effects: must be given I.V. |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, agonist
Mechanism: beta2 receptor agonist
Indication: premature labor to relaz uterus (unlabeled), bronchodilation (labeled)
Adverse Effects: tachycardia (beta1 interaction) in both mother and fetus, monitor HR; tremor |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, agonist
Mechanism: stimulates beta1 receptor, also beta2 and alpha; INOTROPIC increases contractility and cardiac output
Indication: cardiac failure (esp. acute emergencies); laboratory "stress test"; must be given iv |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, agonist
Mechanism: alpha2 agonist, ciliary body activation increases outflow of aqueous humor
Indications: lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma or ocular HTN
Adverse Effects: sedation (esp. kids), CNS depression |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergics, agonist
Mechanism: alpha2 receptor agonist, acts in CNS brainstem to decrease SNS activity to heart and vessels
Indications: HTN, neuropathic pain, other related CNS
Adverse Effects: HYPOtension, sedation, dry mouth; withdrawal: tachycardia, HTN, angina, MI |
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Term
| methylphenidate (Ritalin) |
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Definition
Class: Adrenergics, agonist
Mechanism: direct agonist for beta>alpha, STRONG indirect effect on noradrenergic in periphery and CNS
Indication: ADHD, narcolepsy
Adverse Effects: tolerance develops, potential for abuse; cardiac arrhythmias, angina, stroke, psychosis, convulsions |
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Term
| ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) |
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Definition
Class: Adrenergics, agonist
Mechanism: agonist of beta>alpha, STRONG indirect effect on noradrenergic in peripheral and CNS
Indication: decongestant (OTC) due to alpha action-> vasoconstriction-> relieve swelling; (nonmedical) weight loss and strength training dietary
Adverse Effects: increase BP and stroke, cardiac arrhythmia and MI, CNS stimulation and seizures |
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Term
amphetamine, methamphetamine (Adderall, phentermine, ephedrine)
(normal dosing?_ |
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Definition
Class: Adrenergics, agonist
Mechanism: agonist beta>alpha, STRONG indirect effect on noradrenergic in peripheral and CNS
Indications: narcolepsy, appetite suppression, ADHD
Adverse Effects: tolerance, abuse; cardiac arrhythmias, angina, stroke, psychosis, convulsions; greater than or prolonged --> palpitation, dizziness, vasomotor disturbance, agitation, confusion
Dosing: 10-30mg is normal dose |
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Term
| phenylephrine (neo-synephrine, Sudafed-PE) |
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Definition
Class: Adrenergics, agonist
Mechanism: direct alpha1 agonist, other indirect pathway
Indications: decongestant (OTC), HYPOtension (vascular failure in shock), mydriatic in ophthalmic procedures, symptomatic relief of eye redness, hemorrhoids
Adverse Effects: bradycardia due to vagal reflex in response to increase BP |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, agonist
Mechanism: potent agonist at alpha and beta1/beta2 receptors
Indication: treatment of anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest; adjunct with local anesthetics, OTC bronchodilator (primatine mist)
Adverse Effects: excessive cardiac stimulation (non-receptor-selective) |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, indirect sympathomimetic
Mechanism: indirect sympathomimetic effect
Adverse Effects: Wine and Cheese syndrome (causative agent), hypertensive crisis |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergics, agonistic
Mechanism: selective inhibitor of NET, thus enhances NE levels
Indication: ADD
Adverse Effects: surprisingly little CV (dec. sympathetic outflow while potentiating NE effects centrally) |
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Term
| imipramine (tricyclic antidepressants) |
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, agonistic
Mechanism: non-selective uptake inhibitors (serotonin and NE), other non-selective depending on molecule
Indication: depression, enuresis in kids (bed wetting)
Adverse Effects: tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, increased risk of sudden cardiac death; dry mouth and constipation |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, agonistic
Mechanism: signaling, decrease update for recycling, results in vasoconstriction
Indication: local anesthetic in surgery of nasal mucosa or lacrimal ducts
Adverse Effects: systemic effects - inhibition of NET (inc. BP and heart rate, potential state for sroke, cardiac arrhythmias, MI an sudden death); central inhibition of NET and DA/5HT transporters (euphoria, increased alertness, arousal) |
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Term
entacapone
****specifics needed for problems |
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Definition
Class: Adrenergics, agonistic
Mechanism: block COMT, co-administer with levodopa/carbidopa --> increase conc. of those
Indication: adjunct therapy for Parkinson's
Adverse Effects: problems assoc. with increased dopamine |
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Term
| iproniazid (phenelzine, selegiline, rasagiline) |
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, agonistic
Mechanism: inhibits MAO, increasing catecholamines
Indications: depression, adjunct therapy for Parkinson's
Adverse Effects: increased tyramine levels, serotonin syndrome with SSRIs |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, antagonistic
Mechanism: specific irreversible blocker of VMAT results in depleted NE storage
Indication: HTN though rare today
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: orthostate HYPOtension, increased GI activity, CNS - sedation, severe depression, suicide
Drug Interactions |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, false transmitter
Mechanism: prodrug to methyl-NE, agonist at presynaptic alpha2, inhibits adrenergic neural outflow from brain stem, decreae NE release, reduce output of adrenergic signals to SNS
Indications: HTN (esp. pregnancy)
Adverse Effects: rare/serious, hepatotoxicity and hemolytic anemia
Drug Interactions: |
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Term
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Definition
Class: PDE inhibitors
Mechanism: PDE-5 inhibitors lead to increased intracavernosal cGMP, smooth muscle relax, vasodilation, erection
Indication: erectile dysfunction, types of pulmonary HTN (revatio)
Contraindication: with nitrates (severe HTN and syncope)
Adverse Effects: prolonged erection can lead to penile ischemia, visual disturbances (PDE-6 interaction, photoreceptor signal transduction, exception: tadalafil
Drug Interaction: nitrates |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic, antagonistic
Mechanism: competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, depletes catecholamines everywhere
Indication: pheochromocytoma
Adverse Effects: sedation/depression, crystalluira, GI upset |
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