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Definition
| developmental period lasting from about ages 12 to 18(22), during which many biological, cognitive, social, and personality traits change from childlike to adultlike |
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| the passage between childhood and adolescence |
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starts around 9.6 years
last about 2.5 to 3 years |
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| Girl's initial breast development |
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Definition
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1st menstration
starts around 12.5 years
relies on % of body fat, diet, exercise, genetics. |
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| hypothalamus produces kisspeptin that tells your pituitary to produce more estrogen. (8x more) |
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| creates the primary and secondary sex characteristics |
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| Primary sex characteristics (girls) |
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Definition
| allows for reproduction=ovulation, develop a uterin lining |
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| Secondary sex characteristics (girls) |
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Definition
make adultlike appearance(10.5 to 15)
breast development, hips widen, body hair |
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| 12-14.5 years. .5 inches/month is likely |
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| Male puberty triggered by... |
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Definition
| hypothalamus telling pituitary to produce testoterone (18x more) |
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| Primary sex characteristics (boys) |
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Definition
brought on by new testosterone levels
-produce sperm
-genitals enlarge |
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| Secondary sex characteristics (boys) |
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Definition
-muscle development
-deepened voice
-body hair (underarm, pubic, facial, torso) |
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| Benefits to early maturing boys |
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Definition
| social and athletic, confident, relaxed, popular with both genders, dominant |
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| Problems with early maturing boys |
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Definition
| fighting/bullying, alcohol, drugs, legal troubles, end up shorter (role reversal) |
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| Benefits to late maturing boys |
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Definition
none until you catch up
-more seld tolerant, self assertive, talkative |
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| Problems with late maturing boys |
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anxiety about being behing
athletic unfairness |
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| Benefits of early maturing girls |
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Definition
| peer approval, boy attention, adult approval/acceptance, more active in school |
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| Problems with early maturing girls |
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Definition
early sex (stds, pregnancy, etc.)
physical and psycho/emotional mixmatch |
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| Benefits of late maturing girls |
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Definition
| end up taller, thinner, delay sexual activity, physical=demands of society |
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| Problems of late maturing girls |
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Definition
| feels invisible to boys, high anxiety about being behind. |
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Term
| Does when you mature matter in the long run? |
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Definition
| much of the psychological impact of early-late maturation decreases and disappears by mid to late adolescence. Scars remain |
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| Earlier maturation and later 1st pregnancies=... |
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1988- % sexually active
2006- % sexually active |
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Definition
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| Reasons teenagers said to have remained abstinant |
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Definition
1.) felt unready
2.) relationship w/ parents
3.) pregnancy- control of future
4.) abstinence programs
5.) STD's |
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| Reasons why teenagers chose to become sexually active |
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Definition
1.) loved the person
2.) curiosity
3.) pressure
4.) we were alone
5.) everyone else was |
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Term
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Definition
underdeveloped prefrontal cortex- executive functions
results- he/she can't yet reason,, plan,, think, or decide as well as an adult.
allows for illogical, irrational decisions, impulsive decision making (drugs, suicide, inability to identify and measure risk factors |
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| Especially vulnerable to traumatic adolescent experiences such as... |
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Definition
violence- bullying-crimes
abuse- neglect, physical, sexual
relationship ruptures |
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Definition
forging identity
do not have the cognitive wherewithall to assess and respond to complex, long-term issues |
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| Teenagers are governed by... |
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Definition
feelings of invincibility.
lowest rate of seatbelt use (50%)
20x the accident rate of a 40 year old |
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| Complicating matters iss... |
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Definition
an overstimulated limbic system (emotional center)
-teenagers have elecated emotional sensitivity
-behaviors based on emotion-not reason
-wide range of rapidly chaning emotions
-accounts for a teenager's moodiness and abrasiveness |
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| Teenagers who retain closeness with parents enjoy... |
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Definition
better academics
less legal problems
females delay sex
closer/ happier relationships
lower divorce rate |
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| A friend does not equal time spent anymore. Making a close friend giving... |
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understanding
support
loyalty |
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| Relationship with parents- conflict domains |
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Definition
-dating
-chores
-friends
-money
-academics
-appearance
-curfew |
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| Friends will be similar in... |
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Definition
-age
-academic goals
-drinking/drugs
-sexual activity
(en masse) |
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Term
| Erik Erikson's conclusions for adolescence |
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Definition
the search for one's identity
-values
-core beliefs
-life goals
the chameleon "trying on different selves"
when all selves merge=consistant sense of self
without a solid sense of self
-role confusion==>role failure
-recognize low self esteem
-social withdrawl from same age peers
-overly dependent upon others opinions |
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Term
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Definition
mid 20's- build a workable life
29-34-"crisis of questions"
-career-is this it?
-marriage-is he/she the right one?
late 30's- finacially stability, plant roots in community, peers part of same community. (happiness) |
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Definition
40-65
Generativity-leaving their mark, originate/produce, legacy. |
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Term
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Definition
thinking changes from how long I have lived to how long I have left.
late 30's- early 40's
causes?
-death of a parent
-serious illness
-death of a similar aged peer (natural causes) |
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Term
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Definition
crisis of urgency
life goals vs. time left
-discomfort of aging
-rapid changing
-instability (psycho-emotional)
only 23% said they have it. |
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Term
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Definition
glamour, wealth, career accomplishments fade.
day to day pleasures
"The Empty Nest"= ID crisis (girls)
low self esteem |
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Term
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end of menstration. around 51 years. estrogen and progesterone lowers
symptoms-mood swings, hot flashes, night sweats, body density lowers, fatigue.
15% severe HRT-can lead to cervical and breast cancers |
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Term
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| andropause. early to mid 50's. testosterone lowers. muscle mass lowers, energy lowers, weight gain, insomnia, sex drive lowers, height lowers. treatment is controversial. |
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65+. goal is ego integrity vs despair.
ego integrity=1.) accepting death. 2.) life has had worth and meaning. |
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| Life expectancy then and now |
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Definition
1900- 49
1940- 64
1960- 70
2007- 78 |
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65-75% enjoy retirement
25-35% don't-boredom/ID loss/27-7 impact |
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| Physical Changes of Late Adulthood |
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Definition
reaction time slows
bones become brittle- bone density loss
skin/fat-subcutaneous fat- dissipates after 30.
=causes wrinkles/bruises/cuts |
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| Cognitive Changes of Late Adulthood |
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Definition
perceptional speed-how fast can you ID..
processing speed-recall
IQ=stays relatively the same.
-"timed" tests are bad |
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Term
| Cognitive problems of late adulthood |
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Definition
dementia-memory loss, confusion, agitation.
causes- strokes, vascular blockage, alzheimer's 10%<65
-2 binding proteins=disentergration |
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| The "aches and pains" attribution study |
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Definition
1995-2005-70>-14,000 people
Identify specific factors that cause 70+ people to live longer...key? attitude. |
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| Elizabeth Kublek-Ross=5 stage theory for death and dying |
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Definition
denial
anger
bargaining
depression-longest
acceptance-has to be last
takes 12-18 motns
order can change |
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Definition
hospice-dignity in death
workers-what to expect, how to help. |
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Term
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Definition
| want this not to happen. need to be there. |
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Term
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Definition
be comfortable with silence.
be aware of others grief
be there! |
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