Term
| What are the assumptions of the disease or medical model of addiction? (6) |
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Definition
Addiction is:
-a progressive disease that goes through stages.
-a chronic, long-term condition.
-can only be treated NOT CURED.
-is a PRIMARY disease.
-ABSTINENCE is the only viable option
-ingesting drugs leads to loss of control |
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Term
| What are the advantages of the medical or disease model of addiction? |
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Definition
-It removes the societal/moral stigma
-removes shame/guilt; individuals more likely to seek help
-treatment more likely to get insurance coverage
-clear treatment goal: abstinence
-increased funding for research
-allows for clear language and communication among clinicians |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of the disease/medical model? |
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Definition
-excludes those who do not fit in disease model concept
-removes any personal responsibility
-makes excuses for deviant behavior
-ignores psychological variables
-all or nothing approach
-lack of empirical evidence of concept
-treatment may be too simplistic
-may lead to other 'diseases' ex-shoplifting. |
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Term
| What are the assumptions of the moral model of addiction? |
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Definition
| addiction is: the person's choice, a result of choices from a flawed character, addiction seen as 'sinful' and spiritual interventions needed, addiction is sign of 'bankrupt' spiritual life and drug is a search for a higher power; UNDERPINNING OF OUR LEGAL SYSTEM-people pay for poor choices |
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Term
| What are the advantages of the moral model? |
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Definition
| Advocates personal responsibility; empowers people to make good choices to get rid of addictive behavior, appeal to those who have world view based on right/wrong; brings a spiritual component to counseling |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of the moral model? |
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Definition
| Judgement based; contributes to STIGMA, guilt, shame and blame of addiction; may minimize complex nature of addiction; may promote the stigma of addiction; shame/guilt may keep people from treatment |
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Term
| What are the assumptions of the psychological model of addiction? |
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Definition
Addiction is:
Driven by psychological stress
Addiction is used as a coping mechanism
Addiction is a secondary problem; psychological problems are primary
An ‘addictive’ personality exists
Social learning models can be helpful in explaining addiction. |
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Term
| What are the advantages of the psychological model of addiction? |
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Definition
This model:
-takes away guilt, shame & stigma associated with substance abuse
-addresses underlying reasons for turning to substance abuse
-clinicians can more accurately create and define treatment protocols and coping mechanisms
-by treating underlying issues, may be less chance of relapse
-may give HOPE for full recovery |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of the psychological model? |
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Definition
-Risk of labeling (using DSM terms)
-use of behavioral therapy (may not work for all clients)
-may encourage external blame instead of personal responsibility
-not a holistic model; may be too narrow
-may encourage clients to adopt a cyle of finding a reason to self-medicate |
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Term
| What are the assumptions of the sociocultural model? |
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Definition
-familial, peer and cultural influences play a large/primary role in substance abuse
-one must examine an individual in relation to his or her surrounding environment |
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Term
| What are the five advantages of the sociocultural model of addiction? |
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Definition
-encourages and promotes responsibility for some societal norms.
-systemic approach
-prevention is a key factor in mitigating problem substance abuse
-helps to identify at-risk populations where prevention is needed
-helps teach about other cultural norms |
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Term
| What are the three main disadvantages of the sociocultural model of addiction? |
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Definition
-counseling with more people becomes more complex.
-blame may be placed on culture rather than on the person
-could promote cultural stereotypes |
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Term
| What are the two main assumptions behind the biopsychosocial model of addiction? |
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Definition
-many factors including biological, psychological and sociological together can influence or cause addiction.
-a complex combination of causes can all lead to a common pathway of addiction |
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Term
| What are the three main advantages of the biopsychosocial? |
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Definition
-it captures 'everything'
-promotes a team approach to treatment
-individualized, holistic and flexible treatment plans for those abusing substances |
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Term
| What are the two main disadvantages of using the biopsychosocial model of addiction? |
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Definition
-'where does one start' syndrome; can be too complex a process
-can create confusion and information overload. |
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