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Acquired through a medical procedure
Ex: a vaccine |
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antibodies are donated to an individual, short term
Ex: Breast feeding |
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Occur during the normal course of life, not through medical intervention
Ex: antibodies are stored in cell "memory" after being sick, or natural immunity from mom and breast milk |
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| Results when a person is challenged with antigen that stimulates production of antibodies, creates memory, takes time and is lasting |
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| perceived as foreign, not a natural part of the body |
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| foreign molecules less than 1000 MW (super small) |
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cell surface markers of one individual that are antigen to another of the same species
Ex: transplantation, blood cell markers |
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Definition
potent T cell stimulators, provoke an overwhelming response
Ex: S. Aureus, S. Pyongenes |
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| Antigen that provokes an allergy |
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| molecules on self tissues for which tolerance is inadequate |
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| [image]large glycoprotein moloecules that serve as the specific receptors of B cells and as antibodies. Y shaped arrangement: 4 polypeptide chains, variable region, constant region |
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| Long term immunity, memory antibodies, neutralizes toxins, viruses, most common antibody (80%), 2 binding sites |
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| Secretory antibody on mucus membranes, 2nd most common (13%), 2-4 binding sites |
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| Produced at first response to antigen, can serve as B-cell receptor, 3rd most common (6%), 10 binding sites |
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| Receptor on B cells for antigen recognition, 2 binding sites, triggering molecule for B cell activation |
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| Least common antibody, is present in allergy and worm infection, 2 binding sites |
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| MHC (major histocompatibility complex) |
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Definition
receptor found on all cells except RBC
plays a role in recognition of self by the immune system and rejection of foreign tissue |
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Definition
markers that display unique characteristics of self molecules and regulation of immune reactions--"we are part of you"
---required for T cytotoxic cells (CD-8) |
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receptors that recognize and react with foreign antigens, located mostly on macrophages and B cells
---involved in presenting antigen to T-Helper cells (CD-$) |
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antigen presenting cells are phagocytes and dendritic cell and B cells
---function is to modify antigen to be more |
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| secreted by APC to activate T Helper cells (causes the memory) |
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| produced by T Helper cells to recruit B and other T cells |
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mature in bone marrow
produces antibodies to inactivate neutralize and target antigens |
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Definition
mature in Thymus, requires antigen presented with MHC
function in regulating immune functions, killing "foreign" cells, hypersensitivity, synthesize cytokines |
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| ability of an antigen to provoke an immune response |
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| Steps in immune system activation (cooperative response) |
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Definition
1. ACP engulfs microbe, makes it into smaller peptide
2. Epitope is transported to cell surface and placed on MHC II receptor
3. MHC-II antigen on ACP binds to T-Cell receptor
4. Coreceptor on T-cell (CD-4) hooks itself to MHC II to ensure the recognition of the antigen (non self) and MHC receptor (self)---this ACTIVATES T-CELL
5. Activated T-cell releases interleukins to assist other WBCs |
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| process of coating microorganisms or other particles with specific antibodies so they are more readily recognizible by phagocytes |
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| Antibody aggregation; cross linking cells or particles into large clumps |
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| Antibodies fill the surface receptors on a virus or the acitve site on a microbial enzyme to prevent it from attaching |
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| a special type of antibody that neutralizes a bacterial exotoxin |
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| aka CD-4 or Th--most prrevalent type of T cell; regulates immune reaction to antigens |
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| aka CD-8 or Tc, destroys foreign or abnormal cells by secreting perforins the lyse cells (cancer cells or cells that have already been infected by a virus) |
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| NK cells, lack specificity; circulate through spleen, blood, and lungs |
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