Term
| two types of adaptive immunity |
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Definition
1) humoral response
2) cellular mediated response |
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Term
| describe humoral response |
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Definition
| antibodies found in the blood and plasma, which bind to antigens in the body. This will result in either |
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Term
| describe cellular mediated response |
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Definition
| Requires the lymphocyte differentiation of B-cells involved in the process and T-cells into several other subtypes to directly react with an antigen |
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Term
| What happens to circulating bodies (1+2) |
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Definition
Antibodies bind to antigens in blood or plasma. leading to
1) direct inactivation
2) activation of a variety of inflammatory mediators to destroy pathogen |
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Term
| antigen presenting cells (3) and initiate which type of response |
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Definition
- dendritic cells: initiate T-cell responses
- macrophages: initiate effector phase of cell-mediated immunity
- follicular dendritic cells: display antigens to B-cells to initiate the humoral immune response |
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Term
| location of lymphocyte production |
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Definition
| from stem cells (haematopoietic stem cells, which are involve in producing all blood cells) |
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Term
| percentage of leucocytes that are lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| role of B-cells (lymphocytes) |
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Definition
| produce specific antibody that enter blood to react with a specific antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| directly attack antigen, and is specific |
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Term
| role of antigen presenting cells |
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Definition
| ingest antigens and present to the T-cells to induce an immune response |
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Term
| name 3 effector cells and their role in their main role in the immune response |
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Definition
Role: to eliminate antigen
T-cells (T-helper and T-cytotoxic)
macrophages
granulocytes (neutrophils and eosinophils) |
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Term
| 3 lymphocytes and mediator of which system |
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Definition
B-cell: mediator of humoral immunity
T-cell: mediators of cell-mediated immunity
natural killer cells: mediators of innate immunity |
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Term
| describe process of B-cell development- storage of |
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Definition
B-cell development begins at the primary lymphoid organ (bone marrow).
1) Leucocytes destined to become B-cells circulate through bone marrow, where exposure of hormones occur to proliferate and differentiate the B-cells.
2) B-cells exit bone marrow and take up residence in secondary lymphoid organs. They are immunocompetent. |
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Term
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Definition
| B-cells taking residence in secondary lymphoid organs. They are inactive and have the ability to develop an immune response |
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Term
| what happens when B-cell is exposed to an antigen |
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Definition
| differentiate into plasma cells or memory cells |
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Term
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Definition
| are differentiated B-cells that have been exposed to an antigen. They secrete antibodies to bind to antigens to further produce an immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| are differentiated B-cells that have been exposed to an antigen. They are long living cells that remain inactive until subsequent antigen exposure. They do not require further differentiation when exposed to a already exposed antigen. They rapidly become plasma cells |
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Term
| secondary lymphoids where B-cell stored |
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Definition
| lymph nodes, spleen and liver |
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Term
| primary lymphoid for T-cell proliferation and differentiation |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens as T-cells journey through thymus |
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Definition
| are under the guidance of hormones, with no antigen. They are driven to undergo differentiation and proliferation, and simultaneously produce receptors against antigens encountered. |
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Term
| how T-cells exit thymus (state, what happens next) |
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Definition
| exit thymus through blood vessels and lymphatics as mature but immunocompetent T-cells with antigen-specifc receptors on cell surface. They then, take residence in secondary lymphoids. |
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