Term
| What is the age breakdown for Acute Leukemia? |
|
Definition
80% of cases affect adults 65 or older
20% of cases affect children around 3-4 years old |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of Acute Leukemia cases fall under the "not otherwise specified" category? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of marrow contains blasts in acute leukemias? |
|
Definition
| at least 20% unless there is specified genetic abnormality |
|
|
Term
| describe the cellularity of the marrow in acute myeloid leukemia |
|
Definition
| it is usually hypercellular, but there is cytopenia because 1 or 2 lineages might have increased counts in the marrow, not all of them |
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|
Term
| What markers are present in AML M0 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the features of AML without maturation? |
|
Definition
| 90% of the blasts are non erythroid while less than 10% of them are PMN's; there is marrow failure; an aggressive disease with a PMN origin |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of AML with maturation cases exist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age groups are commonly affected by AML M2? |
|
Definition
| People less than 25 and older than 60 |
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|
Term
| What marker is unique to AML M2, whose presence is a confirmation of AML M2? |
|
Definition
| CD 15 (Hallmark of neutrophil maturation) |
|
|
Term
| AML M2 and M4 are known as what type of diseases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the age/gender breakdown for Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia? |
|
Definition
| Adults around 50; 1.5:1 for M:F ratio |
|
|
Term
| What are the markers that confirm monocytic presence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the clinical features of Acute Monocytic Leukemia? |
|
Definition
| bleeding, gingival hyperplasia, CNS disease, skin involvement |
|
|
Term
| What subtype of AML M5 is more common among younger people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What markers are present in
Acute Monocytic Leukemia? |
|
Definition
| CD 13, 33, 14, 4, 11, and 36 |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the features of Acute Erythroid Leukemia, Subset A? |
|
Definition
| More than 50% of all cells are erythroid and more than 20% of non-erythroid cells are myeloblasts/ commonly affects adults and has a poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
| The immunophenotype for Acute Erythroid Leukemia will pick up the usual CD 13, 33 but will also pick up what else? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia affect the marrow? |
|
Definition
| There is myelofibrosis in the marrow, leading to "dry tap" |
|
|
Term
| The immunophenotype in AML M7 will pick up what markers? |
|
Definition
| platelet glycoproteins 41, 61, CD 13 and 33 |
|
|
Term
| How do AML's with recurrent genetic abnormalities affect the prognoses? |
|
Definition
| Prognoses actually improve with underlying genetic aberration |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between AML with 8;21 translocation than the typical AML? |
|
Definition
| This affects younger people |
|
|
Term
| In AML1/ETO translocation AML, what happens to the eosinophil count? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the standard treatment for AML1/ETO translocation AML? |
|
Definition
| high dose cytarabine consolidation therapy |
|
|
Term
| In PML/RAR translocation AML, what hemodynamic disorder is common and is worsened by conventional chemotherapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the two cell types found in AML M3 t (15; 17) |
|
Definition
Cell Type 1- hypergranular, hyperchromic, low WBC
Cell Type 2- hypogranular, hypochromic, high WBC |
|
|
Term
| Why is the CD34 marker absent in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia |
|
Definition
| The marker is absent because CD34 is a common blast marker; APL is considered to feature more matured cells |
|
|
Term
| In AML with CBF/MYH translocation, what is unique about the granulocytic conditions in the disease? |
|
Definition
| There is variably increased atypical eosinophil count; immature/ have large purple granules |
|
|
Term
| What genes are thought to be involved in AML t (9;11) translocation,and what morphology does the disease present? |
|
Definition
MLL or HRX gene (Human homolog drosophilo trithorax gene- developmental regulator)
MLTT3 gene
(MLL is regulator of gene transcription)
M5 morphology indicated |
|
|
Term
| What cases of Acute Leukemias are lymphoid in nature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the extranodal sites that are commonly involved in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with B-cell precursor? |
|
Definition
| Liver, spleen, CNS, nodes, gonads, skin (mediastinum is rare) |
|
|
Term
| What chromosomal translocation presents a good prognosis in ALL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia, what precursors markers are detected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When it comes to cytochemistry, both Precursor B and T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma have what features? |
|
Definition
Negative for MPO, SBB
Punctate for NSE |
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