Details Title: Acids/Bases Description: FINAL STUDY GUIDE Total Flash Cards: 50 Created: 05/21/2007 13:33:23		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Chemistry Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Properties of Acids Definition Sour taste-lemons, asprins Acids contain hydrogen (react with metals to give H2) Acids change color dyes (acid/base indicators) Acids react with bases to produce "salts" and water Acids are electrolytes (will conduct electricity in water) Term Traditional (Arrhenius) Acids Definition Contan H and ionize to form H+ HNO3 + H2O --> H30+ + NO3- Term Bronsted Acids Definition Molecue or ion that is proton donor HCl + H2O --> H3O+ + Cl- (Bronsted/ Arrhenius Acid) HCl + NH3 --> NH4+ + Cl- (Bronsted Acid ONLY) H2O + NH3 --> NH4+ + OH- (Bronsted Acid ONLY) Term Strong Acid Definition 100% ionization Term Monoprotic Acid Definition One Hydrogen (HCl) Term Diprotic Acid Definition Two Hydrogens (H2SO4) Term Triprotic Acid Definition Three Hydrogens (H3PO4) Term Polyprotic Acid Definition Multiple Hydrogens Term Weak Acids Definition Less tahn 100% ionization, weak electrolyte Term Organic Acids Definition COOH Group Term Formic Acid Definition Found in ants Term Acetic Acid Definition Vinegar Term Oxalic Acid Definition Rhubarb Term Butyric Acid Definition Butter Term Citric Acid Definition Citrus Fruits Term Malic Acid Definition Apples Term Mineral Acids Definition Sulfuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid Term Binary Acids Definition Hydrogen bonded to more electronegative element Prefix: Hydro Root: Root name of second element Suffix: -ic HCl: Hydro-chlor-ic acid HI: Hydro-iod-ic acid H2S: Hydro-sulfur-ic acid Term Oxy Acids Definition Hydrogen, Oxygen, and a thrid element Polyatomic ion root with suffix (-ate to -ic, -ite to -ous) Hydrogen Sulfate--Sulfuric Acid Hydrogen Chlorite--Chlorous Acid Hydrogen Periodate--Periodic Acid Hydrogen Hypobromite--Hypobromous Acid Hydrogen Dichromate--Dichromic Acid Term Properties of Bases Definition Bases have a bitter taste Dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel slippery Bases change the color of dyes (acid/base indicators) Bases react with acids to produce "salts" and water. Bases are electrolytes (will conduct electricity in solution) Term Traditional (Arrhenius) Base Definition Substance that contains hydroxide ions (OH-) and dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solution, ionic compound (metal hydroxide) alkaline solution--basic solution Term Bronsted Base Definition Molecule or ion that is proton acceptor HCl + NH3 --> NH4+ +Cl (HCl-Bronsted Acid/ NH3-Bronsted Base) Term Strong Base Definition Strong electrolyte, Group I and II metal with hydroxide Term Weak Base Definition Ammonia (NH3) produces low concentration of OH- Term Conjugate Acid Definition Species formed when Bronsted base gains a proton Term Conjugate Base Definition Species that remains after a Bronsted acid has given up a proton Term HA + B <--> HB+ + A- Definition Bronsted Acid + Bronsted Base <--> Conjugate Acid + Conjugate base Term HF + H2O <--> H3O+ + F- Definition Bronsted Acid + Bronsted Base <--> Conjugate Acid + Conjugate Base Term HC2H3O2 + H2O <--> H3O + + C2H3O2 Definition Bronsted Acid (WEAK) + Bronsted Base (WEAK) <--> Conjugate Acid (STRONGER) + Conjugate Base (STRONGER) Term HClO4 + H2O <--> H30+ + ClO4- Definition Bronsted Acid (STRONGER) + Bronsted Base (STRONGER) <--> Conjugate Acid (WEAK) + Conjugate Base (WEAK) Term Conclusions from Bronsted definitions of acids and bases Definition Stronger Acid---Weaker conjugate base Stronger Base---Weaker conjugated acid Proton transfer reactions favor production of the weaker acid and the weaker base Term Amphoteric Definition Any peices that can act as an acid or base, water is an example Term Acid/Base Reaction in Metals Definition Zn + H2SO4 --> Zn SO4 + H2 Term Acid/ Base Reaction in Metal Oxides Definition CuO + H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + H2O Term Acid/Base Reaction in Carbonates Definition CaCO3 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O Term Acid/Base Reactions in Nonmetal Oxides Definition CO2 + 2NaOH --> Na2CO3 + H2O CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 Term Dissociation Definition Separation of IONIC compounds to produce ions NaOH --> Na+ + OH- Term Ionization Definition Separation of COVALENT compounds to produce ions NH3 + H2O <--> NH4+ + OH- Term Self Ionization Definition H2O + H2O <--> H3O + OH- (Amphoteric/ Amphiteric) At Equilibrium! Term Kw Definition Equilibrium constant for water [H3O+][OH-] Kw=1x10^-14 M^2 Term pH + pOH Definition 14 Term pOH Definition log(1/[OH-]) Term pH Definition log(1/[H30+]) Term loga-logb Definition lob(a/b) Term Kw/[H30+] Definition [OH-] Term 1/antilog pH Definition [H3O+] Term 1/antilog pOH Definition [OH-] Term When finding just pH When finding grams or L and pH Definition Use the easy way Use Stoichiometry Term When finding [OH-] in a pH problem Definition Excess/ Total Volume in Liters (Molarity) Term Amphoteric Definition Capable of reacting chemically either as an acid or as a base