The study of interactions among organisms and their environment

A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed

The inteaction of all the organisms and the environment in a given area

Part of the Earth in which life exists including land, water, and atmosphere

Area where an organism lives including biotic and abiotic factors

• Make their own energy
• Convert sunlight into chemical energy
• Also called a producer

• Organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
• Live in volcanic vents, hot springs, marshes

• Get energy from other organisms
• Unable to make its own energy
• Also called consumers

• Eats only plants
• A type of Heterotroph
• Ex. cow, deer, rabbit, bee, elephant

• Eats only animals
• A type of heterotroph
• Ex. snake, dog, lion, crocodile

• Eats plants and animals
• A type of heterotroph
• Ex. human, bear, crow

• Eat decomposing bits of organic matter
• A type of heterotroph
• Ex. mites, earthworm, snail, crab

• Break down organic matter
• A type of heterotroph
• Ex. bacteria, fungi

• Ingest nonliving plants and animals
• A type of heterotroph
• Ex. vulture, termite, beetle

A straight line series of steps by which energy is stored and passed on to higher trophic levels

A network of crossing interlinked dood chains that shows all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level

• The different feeding relationships in an ecosystem
• Energy is transferred from one level to another and is never 100%
• At each level only 10% of the energy taken in by the organism is stored
• Energy is passed through no more than 4-5 levels

A diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web

Chemicals and nutrients are transferred from environment into orgnisms then back to the environment

Water moves throughout the environment and organisms through the following processes; evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration

• Part of water cycle
• Process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas

• Part of the water cycle
• Loss of water from plants by the process of evaporation

• Part of the water cycle
• Water vapor changes to a liquid

• Part of the water cycle
• Water returns to the earth (rain, snow, hail)

Carbon Cycle

Carbon is released into the atmosphere by...

• respiration
• burning fossil fuels
• volcanic activity
• burning trees

Carbon Cycle

Carbon is taken out of the atmosphere by...

Carbon Cycle

Carbon is released into the ground by...

Carbon Cycle

Carbon is taken out of the ground by...

• Mining
• Root uptake

Process by which nitrogen cycles through the environment and organisms by nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification

• Bacteria convert N₂ to ammonia (NH₃) and dissovles into ammonium (NH₄)
• Part of the Nitrogen Cycle

• Bacteria degrade nitrogenous wastes and remains of organisms
• Convert ammonia (NH₃) to ammonium (NH₄)
• Part of the Nitrogen Cycle

• Bacteria convert ammonium (NH₄) to nitrite (NO₂) to nitrate (NO₃)
• Part of the Nitrogen Cycle

• Bacteria convert nitrate (NO₃) or nitrite (NO₂) to N₂
• N₂ is released back into the atmosphere
• Part of the Nitrogen Cycle