Term
General Anesthesia:
Injectable |
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Definition
*Enters the blood stream for transport to target tissues
*Requires redistribution
*Generally are detoxified in the liver and excreted via the kidneys
*Metabolism based on firstorder kinetics
*Constant fraction metabolized in a given period
*Give less control of the elimination process |
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Term
General Anesthesia:
Inhalation |
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Definition
*Enters the blood stream from the lungs
*Primarily eliminated via the lungs
*Depends on relevant partial pressures and pressure gradients for intake and elimination
*Gives more control over the anesthetic process due to faster reactions to changes in administration |
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Term
| The Perfect Anesthetic Agent |
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Definition
*Does not depend on metabolism for its termination of action and elimination
*Permits rapid induction, quick depth alteration, and rapid recovery
*Does not depress cardiopulmonary function
*Is not a tissue irritant
*Is inexpensive, stable, noninflammable, and nonexplosive
*Requires no special equipment
**Unfortunately , no agent fills all of these roles** |
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Term
Minimum Alveolar Concentration
(MAC) |
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Definition
| the amount of inhaled anesthetic required to keep 50% of dogs from pross movement in reaction to painful stimulus at 1 atmosphere |
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Term
Stages of General Anesthesia:
Stage 1 |
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Definition
*Stage of voluntary movement
*Lasts from inital anesthetic administration to the loss of consciousness
Academy of Surgical Research Certification Study Guide
*Tachycardia and hypertension may be present
*Irregular or increased respiration
*Patient may hold breth
*Pupils dilate
*Struggling may be present as animal becomes ataxic
*Some analgesic effects may be present at the transition from stage 1 to 2 |
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Term
Stages of Anesthesia:
Stage 2 |
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Definition
*Stage of delirium or involuntary movement
*CNS becomes depressed
*Loss of voluntary control
*Reflexes become more primitive and exaggerated
*Struggling, breath holding, tachypnea, hyperventilation
*Cardiac arrythmias may occur
*Eyelash and palpebral reflexes are present
*Vocalization
*Salivation
*Susceptible to laryngeal spasm |
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Term
Stages of General Anesthesia:
Stage 3 |
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Definition
*Stage of surgical anesthesia
*Pulse rate returns to normal values
*Muscles relax
*Swallowing and vomiting reflexes are lost
*Divided into 4 planes: Light, Medium, Deep, Overdose |
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Term
Stages of General Anesthesia:
Stage 3 - Plane I (light) |
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Definition
*Eyeball movement ceases
*Blood pressure returns to normal
*Strong pulse
*Begins decrease of respiratory rate and depth
*Pupils become less dilated
*Eyeball may rotate
*Eyelash and palpebral reflex present
*Slight reaction to surgical manipulation
*Loses jaw tone |
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Term
Stages of General Anesthesia:
Stage 3 - Plane II (medium) |
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Definition
*Surgical anesthesia
*Bradycardia begins
*Hypertension increases
*Capillary refil time begins to slow
*Palpebral reflex diminishes and disappears
*Eyeball rotates ventrally
*Abdominal muscle tone finally lost
*Jaw tone minimal
*Pedal reflex absent
*Dysrhythmia possibility at lowest likelihood |
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Term
Stages of General Anesthesia:
Stage 3 - Plane III (medium) |
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Definition
*Deep surgical anesthesia
*Intercostal and abdominal muscle tone minimal
*Weak corneal reflex
*Diaphragmatic breathing present
*Profound muscle relaxation present
*Centered and dialated pupil
*Bradycardia intensifies
*Hypotension continues to increase
*Respiratory rate and depth continue to decrease |
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Term
Stages of General Anesthesia:
Stage 3 - Plane IV (deep/overdose) |
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Definition
*Dysrhymia probability begins to increase
*Respirations slow and irregular
*Lowered heart rate
*Cyanosis seen
*Widely dilated pupil and unresponsive to light
*Flaccid muscle tone
*Jaw tone lost
*Sphincter control lost |
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Term
Stages of General Anesthesia:
Stage 4 |
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Definition
*Begins to die
*CNS extremely depressed
*Respirations slow and cease
*Heart begins to cease beating
*Blood pressure at shock level
*Capillary refill time is greatly increased
*Pupils relax
*Dysrhythmia probability at furthest level
*All reflexes and tone lost |
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