Term
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Definition
| A suicide attempt that does not result in death |
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Term
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Definition
| A self-inflicted death in which the person acts intentionally, directly, and consciously |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who clearly intends to end his or her life at the time of a suicide attempt |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who attempts suicide believing that the process of death is already under way and that he or she is simply hastening the process |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who attempts suicide without recognizing the finality of death |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who is ambivalent about the wish to die even as he or she attempts suicide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A death in which the victims plays an indirect, hidden, partial, or unconscious role. |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychological autopsy in which clinicians and researchers piece together information about a person's suicide form the person's past. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pessimistic belief that one's present circumstances, problems, or mood will not change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/ or terms. |
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Term
| Suicide prevention programs |
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Definition
| A program that tries to identify people who are at risk of killing themselves and to offer them crisis intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| A treatment approach that tries to help people in a psychological crisis to view their situation more accurately, make better decisions, act more constructively, and overcome the crisis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder marked by the pursuit of extreme thinness and by extreme loss of weight. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cessation of menstrual cycles |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder marked by frequent eating binges that are followed by forced vomiting or other extreme compensatory behaviors to avoid gaining weight. Also known as binge-purge syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| An episode of uncontrollable eating during which a person ingests a very large quantity of food. |
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Term
| Multidimensional risk perspective |
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Definition
| A theory that identifies several kinds of risk factors that are thought to combine to help cause a disorder. The more factors present, the greater the rsik of developing the disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of the brain that helps regulate various bodily functions, including eating and hunger. |
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Term
| Lateral hypothalamus (LH) |
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Definition
| A brain region that produces hunger when activated. |
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Term
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Definition
| The weight level that a person is predisposed to maintain, controlled in part by the hypothalamus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A family system in which members are overinvolved with each other's affairs and overconcerned about each other's welfare. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern of behavior in which people rely on a drug excessively and regularly, bringing damage to their relationships, functioning poorly at work, or putting themselves or others in danger. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern of behavior in which people organize their lives around a drug, possibly building tolerance to it, experiencing withdrawal symptoms when they stop taking it, or both. Also called addiction |
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Term
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Definition
| The adjustments that the brain and the body make to the regular use of certain drugs so that even larger doses are needed to achieve the earlier effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unpleasant, sometimes dangerous reactions they may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage of the drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any beverage containing ethyl alcohol, including beer, wine, and liquor. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dramatic withdrawal reaction experienced by some people who are alcohol-dependent. It consists of confusion, clouded consciousness, and terrifying visual hallucinations. Also called alcohol withdrawal delirium. |
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Term
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Definition
| An alcohol related disorder marked by extreme confusion, memory impairment, and other neurological symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cluster of problems in a child, including low birth weight, irregularities in the head and face and intellectual deficits, caused by excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug used in low doses to reduce anxiety and in higher doses to help people sleep. Also called anxiolytic drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Addictive sedative-hypnotic drugs that reduce anxiety and help produce sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opium or any of the drugs derived from opium, including morphine, heroin, and codeine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A highly addictive substance made from the sap of the opium poppy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A highly addictive substance derived from opium that is particularly effective in relieving pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the most addicitive substances derived from opium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension. They are sometimes referrred to as the body's own opioids. |
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Term
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Definition
| An addictive stimulant obtained from the coca plant. It is the most powerful natural stimulant known. |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique for ingesting cocaine in which the pure cocaine basic alkaloid is chemically seperated from processed cocaine, vaporized by heat from a flame, and inhaled with a pipe. |
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Term
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Definition
| A powerful, ready-to-smoke free base cocaine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulant drug that is manufactured in the laboratory. |
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Term
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Definition
| A powerful amphetamine drug that has expierenced a surge in popularity in recent years, posing major health and law enforcement problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| The world's most widely used stimulant, most often consumed in coffee. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening perceptions and producing illusions and hallucinations. Also called psychedelic drug |
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Term
| LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) |
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Definition
| A hallucinogenic drug derived from ergot alkaloids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs produced from the varieties of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. They cause a mixture of hallucinogenic, depressant, and stimulant effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the cannabis drugs, derived from buds, leaves, and flowering tops of the hemp plant Cannabis Sativa. |
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Term
| Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) |
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Definition
| The main active ingredients of cannabis substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tolerance for a substance one has not taken before as a result of using another substance similiar to it. |
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Term
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Definition
| In pharmacology, an of increase of effects that occurs when more than one substance is acting on the body at the same time. |
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Term
| Polysubstance-related disorder |
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Definition
| A long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior centered on abuse of or dependence on a combination of drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dopamine-rich pathway in the brain that produces feelings of pleasure when activated. |
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Term
| Reward-deficiency syndrome |
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Definition
| A condition, suspected to be present in some individuals, in which the brain's reward center is not readily activated by the usual events in their lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| A treatment in which clients are repeatedly presented with unpleasant stimuli while performing undesirable behaviors such as taking a drug. |
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Term
| Relapse-prevention training |
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Definition
| A cognitive behavioral approach to treating alcohol abuse and dependence in which clients are taugh to be keep track of their drinking behavior, apply coping strategies in situations that typically trigger excessive drinking, and plan ahead for risking situations and reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Systematic and medically supervised withdrawal from a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug. |
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Term
| Methadone maintenance program |
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Definition
| An approach to treating heroin dependence in which clients are given legally and medically supervised doses of a substitute drug, methadone. |
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Term
| Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) |
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Definition
| A self-help organization that provides support and guidance for persons with alcohol abuse or dependence. |
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Term
| Residential treatment center |
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Definition
| A place where people formerly dependent on drugs live, work, and socialize in a drug-free environment. Also called a therapeutic community. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder marked by a persistent inability to function normally in some area of the sexual response cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| The phase of the sexual response cycle consisting of an urge to have sex, sexual fantasies, and sexual attraction. |
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Term
| Hypoactive sexual desire disorder |
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Definition
| A disorder marked by a lack of interest in sex and hence a low level of sexual interplay. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder characterized by an aversion to and avoidance of genital sexual interplay. |
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Term
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Definition
| The phase of the sexual response cycle marked by changes in the pelvic region, general physical arousal, and increases in heart rate, muscle tension, blood pressure, and rate of breathing. |
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Term
| Female sexual arousal disorder |
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Definition
| A female dysfunction marked by a persistent inability to attain sexual excitement, including adequate lubrication or genital swelling, during sexual activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dysfunction in which a man repeatedly fails to attain or maintain an erection during sexual activity. |
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Term
| Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The fear of performing inadequately and a related tension experienced during sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of mind that some people experience duringsex, focusing on their sexual performance to such an extent that their performance and their enjoyment are reduced. |
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Term
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Definition
| The phase of the sexual response cycle during which an individual's sexual pleasure peaks and sexual tension is released as muscles in the pelvic region contract rhythmically. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dysfunction in which a man reaches orgasm and ejaculates before, on, or shortly after penetration and before he wishes to. Also known as premature ejaculation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A male dysfunction characterized by repeated inability to reach orgasm or long delays in reaching orgasm after normal sexual excitement. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dysfunction in which a woman rarely has an orgasm or repeatedly experiences a very delayed one. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition marked by involuntary contractions of the muscles around the outer third of the vagina, preventing entry of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder in which a person experiences severe pain in the genitals during sexual activity. |
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Term
| Directed masturbation training |
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Definition
| A sex therapy approach that teaches women with female arousal or orgasmic disorders how to masturbate effectively and eventually to reach orgasm during sexual interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorders characterized by recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving nonhuman objects, children, nonconsenting adults, or experiences of suffering or humiliation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paraphilia consisting of recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve the use of a nonliving object, often to the exclusion of all other stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| A behavioral treatment in which a client masturbates for a long period of time while fantasizing in detail bout a paraphilic object. The procedure is expected to produce a feeling of boredom that becomes linked to the object. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure for treating certain paraphillias by teaching clients to respond to new, more appropriate sources of sexual stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paraphilia consisting of repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve dressing in clothes of the opposite sex. Also known as transvestism or cross-dressing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paraphilia in which persons have repeated sexually arousing urges or fantasies about exposing their genitals to others, and may actupon those urges. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paraphilia in which a person has repeated and intense sexual desires to observe unsuspecting people in secret as they undress or to spy on couples having intercourse and may act upon these desires. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paraphilia consisting of repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve touching and rubbing against a nonconsenting person. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paraphilia iin which a person has repeated an intense sexual urges or fantasies about wathcing, touching, or engaging in sexual acts with prepubescent children and may carry out these urges or fantasies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paraphilia chracterized by repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paraphilia characterized by repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve inflicting suffering on others. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder in which a person persistnetly feels extremely uncomfortable about his or her assigned sex and strongly wishes to be a member of the opposite sex. Also known as transsexualism. |
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Term
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Definition
| A surgical procedure that changes a person's sex organs, features, and, in turn, sexual identity. Also known as sexual reassignment surgery. |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of strange perceptions, unusual emotions, and motor abnormalities. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state in which a person loses contact with reality in key ways. |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms of schizophrenia that seem to be excesses of or bizarre additions to normal thoughts, emotions, behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A strange false belief firmly held despite evidence to the contrary |
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Term
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Definition
| A disturbance in the production and organization of thought |
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Term
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Definition
| A common thinking disturbances in schizophrenia, characterized by rapid shifts from one topic of conversation to another. Also known as derailment |
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Term
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Definition
| The experiencing of sights, sounds, or other perceptions in the absence of external stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Display of emotions that are unsuited to the situation; a symptom of schizophrenia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms of schizophrenia that seem to be deficits in normal thought, emotions, or behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A decrease in speech or speech content; a symptom of schizophrenia. Also known as poverty of speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| A marked lack of expressed emotions; a symptom of schizophrenia. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symptom of schizophrenia marked by apathy and an inability to start or complete a course of action. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms found in some forms of schizophrenia, which may include catatonic stupor, rigidity, or posturing. |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory that schizophrenia results from excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of effective antipsychotic medications. |
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Term
| Atypical antipsychotic drugs |
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Definition
| A relatively new group of antipsychotic drugs whose biological action is different from that of the traditional antipsychotic drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of mother-supposedly cold, domineering,and uninterested in the need of others- who was once thought to cause schizophrenia in their children. |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory that some parents repeatedly communicate pairs of messages that are mutually contradictory, helping to produce schizophrenia in their children. |
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Term
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Definition
| The general level of criticism, disapproval, and hostility expressed in a family. People recovering from schizophrenia are considered more likely to relapse in their families rate high in expressed emotion. |
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