Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
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Definition
-extensive uncontrolled worry, tension, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance~ 3 of these for 6 months to be diagnosed
-1 year prevalence, high among elderly
-early onset
-runs in families
-Tx: Benzodiazepines and CBT (targets worry process, builds tolerance for feelings) |
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Term
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Definition
-recurrent panic attacks followed by big concern about repeated attacks
-rule out substance abuse, social phobia, OCD, medication, etc
-2/3 female, probably cultural factors
-cross cultural differences, includes physical factors
-early age onset
-Tx: SSRI's, exposure tasks |
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Term
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Definition
-persistent, unreasonable fear which leads to anxiety, situationally bound panic, and avoidance
-Specific or social types
-chronic
-Tx: exposure & systematic desensitization -specific types; CBT, role playing, exposure -social types |
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Term
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
-Persistent re-experiencing event (flashbacks, dreams, etc)
-avoidance, numbing, increased arousal
-CRF and HPA systems involved, possible damage to hippocampus
-Tx: early structured sessions are best
-caused by life-threatening trauma and intense fear
-formerly called "shell shock" or "combat fatigue |
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Term
| Obsessive/Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
-intrusive, uncontrollable, unrealistic thoughts paired with overt/covert actions performed to suppress anxiety of uncontrollable thoughts (checking, organizing, washing/cleaning)
-syntonic and dystonic
-more prevalent in females, but boys develop behaviors younger
-Tic Disorder, Tourette's, BDD
-Tx: focus on medication interventions (SSRIs preferred) |
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Term
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Definition
-disruption in one's state of consciousness, memory, and/or sense of identity, which includes deja vu, daydreams, hypnosis
-can be an adaptation to stress/trauma |
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Term
| Depersonalization Disorder |
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Definition
-persistent/recurrent experience of feeling detached from one's body or mental life, but impairment in reality testing
-severe case can cause distress impairment in social and/or occupational functioning |
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Term
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Definition
-one or more episodes of being unable to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature
-the lost info is too important to be simple forgetting...rule out head injury |
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Term
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Definition
-sudden, unexpected travel away from home with loss of memory for past
-confusion about identity or adoption of new identity |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity Disorder |
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Definition
-aka Multiple Personality Disorder: presence of two or more distinct identities
-common in kids, majority women pts
-usually a result from severe abuse
-personalities show physical difference when tested (GSR, visual acuity, etc)
-Tx: est raport with each alter, contract for safety, meds to reduce symptoms, gather history, face traumatic past, integrate alters, develop alternative coping skills |
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Term
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Definition
-out of control bingeing, overconcern with body type
-onset 16-19 yrs
-1/3 remitted, 2/3 still struggling after 5 years
-purging causes enlargement of salivary glands, eroded dental enamel, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, renal failure, cardiac arrythmia, colon damage
-comorbid w/ mood and anxiety disorders |
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Term
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Definition
-refusal to maintain 85% body weight b/c intense fear of obesity and pursuit of thinness
-never satisfied - distorted body image
-onset age 13
-treatment resistant
-amnorrhea, cold intolerance, low bp
-comorbid w/ depression & anxiety (OCD)
-highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder
-Tx: Psychotherapy and family therapy used, but not very successful |
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Term
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Definition
| (no purging)food used to moderate negative affect |
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Term
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Definition
-epidemic disease in industrial world (20-50%)
-caused by inactivity, binging, genes
-Tx: difficulty is maintaining the weight loss; bariatric surgery |
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Term
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Definition
-two types: dysomnia and parasomnia
-Tx: change environmental settings: reduce room noise, light, room temp; increase daytime light exposure; exercise regularly; establish daily/nightly routine; medications (sedatives, major tranquilizers, ambien, some antidepressants) |
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Term
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Definition
-preoccupation with disease, misinterpretation of "symptoms"
-patient persists even after medical reasurrance
-koro (China) dhat (India)
-typically reaction to childhood illness or other life stress
-Tx: no clear successful treatment |
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Term
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Definition
-begins around 30 yrs of age
-must have all symptoms: 4 pain, 2 GI, 1 sexual,1 pseudoneurologic, not attributable to medical condition or substance effects
-epidemiology and causes unclear |
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Term
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Definition
-non-intentional deficit in motor/sensory process initiated by psychological stress
-slightly more common in women
-la belle indifference (calm state when condition takes over instead of panic)
-Freud: cause of unconscious conflict that is repressed and converted to physical symptoms to secondary gain (expectations of pt reduced, others increase dependability) |
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Term
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Definition
-Munchausch's (and Gasers) Syndrome: patient likes notariety of being injured
-Munchausen's by proxy: parent feels heroic for taking care of child so well; can "make" child sick ~extremely RARE |
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Term
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Definition
| -disorder can vary from primarily psychogenic to primarily physical |
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Term
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Definition
"window to the stomach"- production of acid due to stress that works on lesions on stomach, causes a sore (Brady's executive monkeys experiment)
-caused by Heliobacter pylora |
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Term
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Definition
-occurs w/ muscle tension and alterations in blood flow (inflammation)
-Tx: medication-Tylenol, Aspirin, Ibuprofen |
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Term
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Definition
| -occurs when restricted blood vessel opens back up by the triggering of CNS and release of a hormone |
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Term
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Definition
-includes hypertension (26% adults), behavior component, psychological factors, coronary heart disease
-Psychological Model includes Type A personalities and negative emotions |
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Term
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Definition
-Spiegel experiment with breast cancer patients and group therapy; those in group therapy lived twice as long
-proves strong relationship between body and mind |
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Term
| Major Depressive Disorder, single episode |
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Definition
| absence of manic or hypomanic episodes before or during disorder - very rare |
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Term
| Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent |
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Definition
two or more major depressive episodes occur and were separated by at least 2 months during which the individual was not depressed
-episodes last from 2 months to years, average ~4-9 months |
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Term
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Definition
2+ years of poor energy, esteem, concentration, sleep/eating problems, and hopelessness (NO MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODES)
-not as severe as MDD, or as long, or have same number of symptoms
-higher suicide rate than MDD |
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Term
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Definition
| (must have 3+) huge increase in self-esteem, flight of ideas, impulsive behavior, no real connection to impulses, risk-taking/thrill seeking |
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Term
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Definition
| normal part of life that includes some aspect of depression but no psychosis or suicidal ideation |
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Term
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Definition
full manic episode with full blown history of depression
-young age onset ~18 years old
-recurrent episodes |
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Term
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Definition
Hypomanic episode with full blown history of depression
-age of onset ~22 yrs
-many start as this then digress to I |
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Term
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Definition
little ups and downs that are consisten and not situation-specific
-1/3 develop bipolar
-majority women |
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