Details Title: Abnormal Psychology Description: college house notes. covers syptoms of major/common disorders and behaviors. Total Flash Cards: 69 Created: 05/01/2009 20:17:26		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Psychology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Addiction Definition characterized by the three C's craving to compulsion continuance despite adverse consequences loss of control Term Types of Addiction Definition alcohol drugs gambling sex food videogames kleptomania shopping     Term Intoxication Definition Experience of significant maladaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms due to the direct effect of a substance on the CNS. Term Tolerance Definition Same dose of drug produces less of an effect & a greater amount of the drug is needed to achieve the same level of intoxication Term Definition Term Withdrawal Definition physiological and behavorial symptoms that result when a person stops or reduces their use of the substance Term Stimulants Definition drugs that tend to increase feelings or alertness, reduced feelings of fatigue, and enable a person to stay waake over sustained periods of time. examples cocaine methamphetamine MDMA/Ectasy Ritalin Term Opiates Definition Herion oxycontin percoset methadone Term NMDA antagonists   Definition NMDA is a type of glutamate receptor. If these areas are not active at a normal level, it results in subtle brain damage (cause degeneration of neurons and schizophrenia-like symptoms. Examples of NMDA antagonists are PCP ketamine(K) dextromethorphan/Robitussin Term Barbiturates Definition barbiturates-act as depressants to slow down the action of the central nervous system. causes relaxations makes people sleepy, dangerous in large quantities. leads to increased tolerance and physiological and psychological dependence. HOwever, tolerance does not increase amount needed to cause death Term Benzodiazepines Definition antianxiety drugs taken up quickly int eh digestive tract patients become psychologically and physiologically dependent on them.  withdrawal likely. relapse rates are high.   believed to work by enhancing the activity of GABA receptors     Term Addiction as a Progressive Illnes Levels of involvement Definition Use-0 non-pathological "risky"-heavy use with discrete negative consequences "Problem"- problematic use without functional decline DSM_IV Abuse-pathological DSM-IV Dependence-pathological Term pathological Definition abnormal physical or mental condition Term symptoms of alcohol/substance Abuse DSM-IV Definition impariment/distress in more than one symptoms for 12 months major role obligations physically hazardous situation legal problems interpersonal problems Term symtpoms of Alcohol Substance Dependence DSM-IV Definition impairment/distress in more than three symptoms for 12 months tolerance withdrawal consume more than intended persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut back excessive time spent acquiring, using, reocvering activities reduced use despite exarcerbation of a health condition Term Prevalence of Substance Abuse Definition more than 1/3 US has tried an illegal substance Alcohol Abuse (13%) dependence (5%) Druge ABuse (8%) dependence (3%) rates are higher in Men (2:1) native American>Caucasion>Hispanic>African American>Asian American Term Comorbidity of Substance Abuse Definition ~50% w/SUD have mental disorder ~50% w/mental disorder have SUD   most likely to have SUD (30%) if you have Antisocial PD Term Mesolimbic Dopamine System Definition center of psychoactive drug activation in the brain. involved in the release of dopamine and in mediating the rewarding properties of drugs. Located in the center of the brain, the ventral tegmental area, controls emotions, memory, and gratification. activation of this area stimulates gratification, interupting normal functions   Drugs of abuse produce acute increases in dopamine in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) which projects to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and on to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) Term Genetic factors in alcohol abuse Definition having parents who were alcoholics increases the likelihood of the child developing the abuse   whether genetics is solely the reason is still up for debate because of the possibility of environmental and personality factors Term why do people relapse Definition druge exposure drug cues/contexts stress Term why do people get treatment for SUD? Definition Pressure of family and friends court mandates overdoes or drug-induced psychosis hitting "botton"--loss of health, marriage, employment, housing desire for change   users typically feel ambivalent about trying to change Term Prochaska & DiClement's Transtheoretical Model of Change Definition Pre-contemplation contemplation determination/preparation action maintenance relapse (repeat cycle over again) Term Alcohol Detoxification Definition alchohol withdrawal includes insomnia, anziety, nausea, headaches, alcohol withrdawal delierium, alcohol-amnestic disorder   medications used are benzodiazepines Term recovery programs for addiction recovery Definition medication psychoeducation stress management relapse prevention AA/NA support groups behavorial couples therapy finding new menaing and reinforcers Term Personality Definition an individuals stable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. happens across importnat social contexts, and originates in early development. Term Psychodynamic Views of Personality Definition Failure to meet developmental goals produces unconscious conflicts (related to trust, autonomy, identity) Person develops characteristic defense/coping mechanisms     PROS: emphasizes development, explains abnormal personality CONS: de-emphasizes temperament, difficult to test Term Trait view fo personality Definition a collection of fixed attributes Term The Big Five Traits of Personality Definition current dominant trait theory openness conscientiousness extroversion agreeableness neuroticism   PROS: intuitive, descriptive CONS: de-emphasizes situation, fundamental attribution error Term Biopsychosocial View Definition temperament "x"  social learning --> behavior/personality PROS: emphasizes interaction of innate predispositions, previous learning,and current context. Implies ways to change behavior   CONS: identifying key dimensions of persons and situations   Term Definition of Personality Disorder Definition a pattern of behavior or experience that is enduring, inflexible, and pervasive which deviates from cultural expectations AND causes distress or impairment   Term Personality Disorder Cluster A Paranoid Definition Odd, distrust or detachment   Paranoid suspiciousness and mistrust of others, see self as blameless schizoid: impaired social relationships, inability and loack of desire to form attachments to others schizotypal: peculiar thought patterns; oddities of perception and speech that interfere with communicaiton and social interaction   Term Definition Term Personality Disorders Cluster B histrionic Definition dramatic-emotional Histrionic: self dramatization; over concern with attractiveness   Term Personality Personality Disorder Cluster C Avoidant Definition Anxious Avoidant: hypersensitivity to rejection or social derogation; shyness; insecurity in social interactionand initiating relationships   Term DSM-IV Axis I and II Definition Term Definition Term General Definition of Eating Disorders Definition Disorders of food ingestion, regurgitations, or attitude that affect health and well-being Term Anorexia Nervosa Definition intense fear of gaining weight or becoming "fat" coupled with refusal to maintain adequate nutrition and with sever loss of body weight Term Bulimia nervosa Definition frequent occurrence of binge-eating episodes, accompanied by a sense of loss of control of overating and recurrent inappropiate behavior like purging food or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain Term Eating Disorder Prevalence Definition mostly caucasian, middle to upper class women onset= early teens AN; late teens BN   BN 1.5% women .5% men AN .9% women .3%men Term Stress-Diathesis Model Definition diathesis is having a predisposition toward developing a disorder Stress is the response of the individual to demand that are percieved as taxing or exceeding his or her personal resources Whether a person develops a disorder is dependent on these two Term Social Diathesis in Western Culture (Eating Disorders) Definition the advent of TV caused a dramatic shift in women's attitude toward weight and dieting   acculturation into US society is associated with higher rates of eating disorders Term psychological diatheses (eating disorders) Definition perfectionism negative body image and dieting negative affect Term treatment of eating disorders Definition no demonstrated efficacy for AN,   no long terms for bulimia, though antidepresants reduce frequency of binging and purgining Term psychological treatment of anorexia nervosa Definition first step is weight restoration then psychoeducation (about nutritiation and health then target dysfunctional attitudes body shape thinness=worth control family involvement (communication about eating/attitudes about body shape treatment still worse lon-term than bulimia Term Definition Term psychological treatment of bulimia Definition cognitive-behavior therapy (end binge-purge cycles, target dysfunctional thoughts) interpersonal psychotherapy ( improve interpersonal functioning) Efficacy (similar in long-run, CBT may work quicker) Term Definition Term Antisocial personality disorder Definition Disorder chatacterized by continual violation of and disregard for the rights of others through deceitful, aggressive or antisocial behavior, typically without remosrse or loyalty to anyone Term Definition Term Personality Cluster A disorder schizoid Definition schizoid: impaired social relationships, inability and lack of desire to form attachments to others     Term Definition Term Personality Disorders Cluster B Narcissistic Definition Narcissistic: gradiosity; preoccupation with recieving attention   Term Personality Disorder Cluster B Borderline Definition Borderline: Impulsiveness; inappropiate anger; drastic mood shifts (more women have this than men) Term DSM-IV 5 Aves of Diagnosis Definition Axis I: clinical disorders, including major mental disorders, as well as developmental and learning disorders Axis II: underlying pervasive or personality conditions, as well as mental retardation Axis III: Acute medical conditions and physical disorders. Axis IV: psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning or Children’s Global Assessment Scale for children and teens under the age of 18. Term Personality Disorder Cluster C Dependent Definition Dependent: difficult in separating in relationships; discomfort at being alone; subordination of needs in order to keep others involved in a relationship; indecisiveness   Term Personality Disorder Cluster C Obsessive-Compulsive Definition Obsessive-compulsive: excessive concern with order, rules, and trivial details; perfectionistic (more males than females 2:1) Term Definition Term Marsha Linehan Biosocial Theory for Borderline Personality Disorder Definition emotional dysregulation and invalidating environment   Emotionally Sensitive Child + Traumatic Childhood Event + A Family that does not properly nurture the child's emotional needs = an adult with Borderline Personality Disorder. Term Definition Term Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder Definition Linehan's Dialectical behavior therapy (improve affect tolerance and regulation; develop better coping skills) Psychodynamic Therapy (help patient integrate extreme negative and positive views of the world) Medications (SSRI's, mood stabilitzers, low does of antipsychotic meds) Term Psychopathy Definition refers to syndrome casued by psychological deficits (slef-centered, manipulative, lack of empathy) Term Characteristics of Psychopathy Definition   Antisocial behavior examples impulsivity and sensation-seeking irresponsible, socially deviant lifestyle, unlwaful behavior substance abuse   absence of guilt, empathy, conscience grandios self worth superficial charm, pathological lying, exploitative   Term Cleckley's "ABCDs" of Psychopathy Definition A: appears normal (superficial charm, intelligence, not delusional B: behavior is antisocial C: consistency lacking (lack of goals, failre to follow life plan) D: deficits (lack of remorse, incapacity for love) Term Definition Term Developmental Precursors to Schizophrenia (Walker)   Definition watched video tapes of 32 children who were pre-schizophrenic  found that by age 2, the pre's showed more negative facial expressions and unusual hand movements Term Expressed Emotion Definition measure of the family environment based on what the family says during private interviews three components critism hostility emotional overinvolvement   Term EE (expressed emotion) relation to relapse in schizophrenia patients   Definition patients in in high EE families are more likely to relapse   schizophrenia patients are more vunerable to stress. biologically, stressed releases cortisol which lead to increased levels of dopamin and glutamate which are implicated in schiphrenia Term Definition