Categorization Personality Disorders were given in the DSM

- chronic interpersonal difficulties

-problems with identity or sense of "self"

-Distrust, suspiciousness, social detachment

-Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

-Dramatic, emotional, impulsive, erratic

-Histrionic, Narcissistic, Boderline, Antisocial

-Anxiety and fearfulness

-Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive PD (NOT OCD)

-Pervasive distrust and suspisciousness of other

-Suspicious of being deceived, harmed or exploited.

- Doubts loyalty or trustworthiness of others.

-Reluctant to confide in others.

-Reads hidden meaning into benign remarks or events.

-Bears grudges and does not forgive perceived insults, slights, or injuries

-Recurrently suspiscious of fidelity of spouse/partner

-Not attributable to Schizophrenia

-Early parental neglect or abuse

-Early exposure to violent adults

-Pervasive detachment from social relationships

-Restricted range of emotional expression

-Neither desire nor enjoys close relationships

-Most always chooses solitary activities

-Little if any interest in sexual experiences w/ others

-Takes pleasure in few if any activities

-Lacks close friends or confidants

-Indifferent to praise or criticism of others

-Emotional coldness, detachment or flat affect.

-Social and interpersonal deficits marked by:

-acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships

-cognitive and perceptual distortions and behavioral eccentricities

-Odd beliefs or magical thinking

-Unusual peceptual experiences

-Odd thinking or speech

-Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation

-Inappropriate or constricted affect

-Bheavior or appearance is odd,eccentric or peculiar

-Lacks close friends or confidants

-Excessive social anxiety that does not dimish w/ familiarity

Schizotypal PD

-higher rates among first degree relatives with Schizophrenia

-Poor sustained attention

-Poor working memory

-Excessively emotional

-Attention seeking

-Discomfort if not the center of attention

-Sexually seductive or provocative

-Rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions

-Uses physical appearance to draw attention to self

-Impressionistic style of speech (dramatic, lacking detail)

-Overly suggestible

-Considers relationships more intimate than they are

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extroversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

Inventive/Curious vs. Cautious/Conservative

-Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity and variety of experience.

Efficient/Organized vs. Easy-going/Careless

-A tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; planned rather than spontaneous behavior.

Outgoing/Energetic vs. Shy/Withdrawn

-Energy, positive emotion, urgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others.

Friendly/Compassionate vs. Competitive/Outspoken

-A tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspiscious and antagonistic toward others.

Sensitive/Nervous vs. Secure/Confident

- A tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability

-Grandiose sense of self-importance

-Preoccupation w/ fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, or beauty.

-Belief that s/he is special and unique

- Excessive need for admiration

-Sense of entitlement

-Interpersonally exploitative

-Lacks empathy

-Envious of others and believes other are envious of him/her

-Arrogant, haughty behaviros and attitudes

-Pervasive disregard for and violation of rights of others since age 15

-Failure to conform to social norms w/ repeated lawbreaking

-Deceitfulness

-Impulsivity and failure to plan ahead

-Irritability and aggressiveness

-Reckless disregard for safety of self and others.

-Consistent irresponsibility

-Lack or remorse

-Lack of remorse or guilt

-Callousness and lack of empathy

-Gibness (lacking depth) and superficial charm

-Grandiose sense of self-worth

-Pathological lying

-Impulsivity and irresponsibility

-Socially deviant lifestyle

-High need for stimulation

-Poor behavioral controls

-Parasitic lifestyle

70-80% qualify for ASP dx

25-30% are psychopathic

-Moderate heritability

-Low trait anxiety and poor conditioning of fear

-ODD(oppositional defiant disorder) during childhood

-CD (conduct disorder) during adolescence

-Parental antisocial behavior

-Divorce, poverty, poor education

-Poor parenting skills, poor monitoring, ineffective discipline, coercive interactions

-Association with deviant and aggressive peers

-Instability in relationships, self-image, affect and marked impulsivity

-Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment

-Unstable and intense relationships

-Identity disturbance: unstable sense of self

-Impulsivity: spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless behavior

-Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures or self-mutilating behavior

-Affective instability: highly reactive mood

-Chronic feelings of emptiness

-Moderate heritability

-Affective instability and impulsivity (both mod heritable)

-low serotonergic functioning

-Hyperrsponsive norepinephrine

-Early childhood abuse, neglect, separation and loss (highly suspect based on highly exaggerative self report data)

-Pervasive social inhibition, feelings of inadequency and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

-Unwilling to get involved w/ ppl unless certain of being liked

-Restraint in relationships due to fear of shame/ridicule

-Preoccupation w/ being criticized or rejected

-Inhibited in new social situation bc of feeling indequate

-Extreme reluctance to take personal risks or engage in new activities due to fear of embarrassment

-Excessive need to be taken car of, submissive and clinging behavior, and fear of separation.

-Diff making decisions w/o advice or reassurance

-Diff disagreeing due to fear of dispproval

-Seeks excessive nurturance/support from others

-Uncomfortable/helpless when alone due to fear of not being able to take care of self

-When close relationship ends, urgently seeks another for care and support

-Preoccupation w/ orderliness, perfectionism and mental/interpersonal control

-Preoccupation w/ details, rule, order or schedules; to extent that the point of an activity is lost

-Perfectionism: that interferes with task completion

-Inflexible and overly conscientious about morality, ethics and values

-Unable to delegate task and difficulty workings with others.

-Marsha Linehan

-CBT for BPD

-Dec unstable, suicidal behavior

-Increases skills to regulate emotions, interpersonal skills and distress tolerance

Histrionic

Avoidant

Dependent