Reasons to Commit Someone

The extent of their disorder

Whether the person is dangerous to self or others

Dangers (Weaknesses) Behind Committing Someone

Hard to Diagnose

Hard to Predict

Dissociative Disorders

Depersonalization Disorder

Psychogenic Amnesia

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Depersonalization Disorder

Memory Splits into Different Parts

Splitting of Attention

Psychogenic Amnesia and Fugue

Mel

No real physical cause

Happens during times of severe stress

Dissociative Identity Disorder

 (Multiple Personality Disorder)

Sarah/Sultry Susan and Jonah and Kenneth

Sometimes the main character does not know about the others while the others know the main character intimately

Characteristics of DID

Handwriting Change

Tricks from other personalities

Physiological Changes

Differing Menstrual Periods

Fear and Anxiety Disorders

Phobia

PTSD

Panic Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Elements of Fear

Cognitive (expectation of harm)

Somatic (bodily response)

Emotional (dread)

Behavior (Involuntary Reactions)

4 Characteristics of Fear

Compelling Desire to Escape

Recognize Fear is Excessive

They know it is not a sypmtom of another disorder

Follows Family Resemblance Criteria

Agorophobia

Fear or terror experiences when in an open space

Wide Variety of Fear

Often Clinically Depressed

Women are this because of stereotype of damsel in distress

Historical Accounts of Phobias

Little Hans (horse)

Little Albert

Simple Phobias

Starts during Childhood

Seek treatment because they realize their fear is irrational

Begins by having fearful experience or seeing parent having fear

Curing Phobias

Systematic Desentization

Imaginary Techniques

Flooding

Characteristics of Panic Disorders

4 panic attacks in one month

Chills

Heart rate changes

Sense of loss of control

2 Approaches to Panic Disorders

Biomedical: Genetic Correlation

Cognitive: People misinterpret normal bodily signs

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Person has thoughts all the time and tries to shut them off through compulsive behaviors

Richard

These people are physiologically aroused before doing ritual; When they do the ritual, they are calmed down

More common in Upper middle class

Carry things to an extreme

People who have this have dread or fear as if something bad will happen (form of anxiety)

 But this is not really founded because people like this like to be in control. People who have OCD do not like to be this way

  People with OCD lack the ability to distract themselves

Somatoform Disorders

Conversion Disorder

Somatization Disorder

Pain Disorder

Characteristics of Somatoform Disorders

Loss/Alteration of Physical Functioning

Symptoms are not under person's control

1/2 cases disappear after 2 years

Conversion Disorder

Stress is converted into physical symptom

One physical problem

Somatization Disorder

Many physical symptoms

No specific reason

Pain Disorder

Margaret

Women that seek help for chronic lower abdomen pain were victims of childhood abuse

Treatment of Somatoform Disorders

Psychoanalytic

Behavioral

Mood Disorders

(Affective Disorder)

Unipolar Depression

Bipolar Depression

Episodic Depression

v.

Chronic Depression

Episodic

Based on specific event- comes and goes away

Chronic

No one trigger- Stays with no period of relief lasting longer than 2 months

Endogenous Depression

v.

Exogenous Depression

Endogenous

Genetic component; responds better to antidepressant; chemical component; more body symptoms

Exogenous

More psychological; Responds better to psychotherapy

Symptoms of Unipolar Depression

Lack of meaning in life

Excess crying

Loss of appetite

Pessimism for future

Withdrawal

Loss of sense/pride in self

Lack of control in environment

Causes of Unipolar Depression

For women: men make them feel helpless

Women get positive feedback for crying/being emotional therefore they are rewarded for being upset and emotional and sad

Depression can be a stereotypical role for some to fall into

In other cultures, people do not self-blame

3 times more likely to be depressed if parent died in early years

(more likely to not be depressed if that person moved from home after death of parent)

Biological Model of Depression

MAOI's

Receptors that are blocked or need to be blocked

Psychodynamic Model

Anger is unconscious and displaced onto themselves

Treat underlying issues rather than immediate cause

Cognitive Model

Cognitive Triad:

Take negative perspectives on:

(1) self

(2) environment

(3) future

Make arbitrary inferences and overgeneralizations

See world from more realistic viewpoint (light study) They assume they don't have control- Normal people overestimate (liking study)

Three Models

Depression can sometimes be predicted in advance based on these components 

Best when all used together (90% Success Rate)