Details Title: Abnormal Psychology - Addiction Description: Alcohol & Drug Dependence Total Flash Cards: 25 Created: 05/07/2009 22:05:30		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Psychology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Addiction can be to... Definition alcohol, drugs, shopping, gambling, food, sex, videogames, stealing Term Characteristics of Addicted Behavior Definition craving to compulsion, continued use despite adverse consequences, loss of control Term intoxication Definition experience of significant maladaptive behavioral & psychological symptoms due to direct effect of drug on CNS Term physiological dependence Definition physiological adaptations - drugs have unique intoxication, tolerance and withdrawal profiles Term Withdrawal Definition symptoms from tolerance, reduction or termination of drug use; effect is lessened and more is needed Term Drugs of Abuse Definition Nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, opiates, sedative-hypnotics, NMDA antagonists Term Addiction Disease Model: Levels of involvement Definition nonpathological use, "risky", "problem", pathological abuse, pathological dependence Term Characteristics of Abuse Definition impairmet/distress in a factor for +12mos: major role obligations, physically hazardous situations, legal problems, interpersonal problems Term Characteristics of Dependence Definition impairment/distress in 3 factors for +12mos: tolerance, withdrawal, consumption of more than intended, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut back, excessive time spent using/acquiring/recovering, activities reduced & replaced, use despite exacerbation Term Epidemiology of Substance Abuse Disorders Definition SUD: 15% (13% alk, 8% drug); 2:1 M:W; NA>Cauc>Hisp>AfrAm>AsAm Term Comorbidity Definition ~50% w/ SUD have mental disorders; ~50% w/ mental disorder have SUD (relative risk is 30x for Antisocial PD, 11x Bipolar, 5x Sz... Term Common Addiction Pathways Definition Reward System: Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway - VTA to Nucleus Accumbens to prefrontal cortex. evidence: mice will administer cocaine to blood stream/brain till death b/c cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake Term Physiological Changes Definition weekly increases in extracellular dopamine levels, long-term sensitization, fMRIs show that areas involved in judgement, planning, memory and impulse control are impaired Term Behavioral Changes Definition Drug cues become associations by classical conditioning Term Why do people continue to do drugs? Definition changes in basal dopamine functioning, sensitization of the pleasure pathway, and impairment in executive control systems, non-specific genetic vulnerability, early aggressive behaviors, poor social skills, lack of parental supervision, peer substance abuse, drug availability, poverty Term Bruce Alexander's "Rat Park" Definition rats in scenic cage were occupied by tin cans and did not develop addiction to morphine-water Term Why do people relapse? Definition drug exposure, drug cues/context, stress Term Why do people enter or not enter treatment? Definition pressure from family, friends, court-mandated, OD psychosis, desire for change, hitting rock-bottom. Most don't believe tx is necessary, users typically ambivalent about trying to change (cost-benefit analysis & efficacy) Term Prochaska & DiClemente's Transtheoretical Model of Change Definition pre-contemplation - contemplation - determination/preparation - action - maintenance - relapse Term Levels of treatments for Addiction Definition Motivational Interviewing; Levels: Detoxification, Rehab (inpatient program), Outpatient program Term Behavioral Treatment Definition Childress: exposure to triggers leads to control. Interventions: desensitize cues. Limitations: situations don't always reflect real world Term CBT: Relapse Prevention Definition stimulus control, stress management, cognitive change Term Treatment Efficacy Definition AA & MI + meds & treatments = very efficacious. Cons: high drop-out rates, relapse common Term Societal Impact Definition economic costs in the billions, lower life expectancy, associated with violent crimes Term Drugs & Crime Definition drug defined violence, drug related violence, drug lifestyle. Costs: higher on women and minorities