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| Ibn al-Haytham, the "father of Optics" |
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| Capital of Abbasid Caliphate from 750-762 |
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Statue of Al-Chwarizmi
"The Father of Algebra" |
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| The first caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, reigning from 750-754. |
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| Denomination of Islam where Ali, the son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, is believed to be the successor of the prophet. |
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| Denomination of Islam, also referred to as the orthodox version of the religion. |
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| Another caliphate who were from the descendants of Ummaya. |
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| Conflict between Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang Dynasty, which was under Emperor Xuanzong at the time. This battle marked the end of the western expansion of the Tang Dynasty. |
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| Took place on the banks of the Great Zab river. Spelled the end of the Ummayad Caliphate and the rise of the Abbasid. |
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| People who belonged to the Banu Hashim clan, the clan of the Prophet Muhammad. |
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| High-ranking political advisor or minister. |
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| Historical period lasting until the Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258. Contained the ascension of the Abbasids and the transfer of the capital from Damascus to Baghdad. |
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| Abbasid coin from Baghdad, 765 |
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| Mustansiriya University in Baghdad, originally established in 1227 |
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| The flag of the Abbasid Caliphate |
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| The extent of the Abbasid Caliphate |
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| Queen Scheherezade talks to King Sharyar. From the book One Thousand and One Nights, one of the most well known fiction books from the Islamic world |
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| Minaret of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, one of the main architectural inventions of the Islamic world. |
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| Baghdad being sacked after the invasion of the Mongols |
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| A Mamluk nobleman. Mamluks were an army of men loyal only to their caliphate, composed of non-arab people. They helped prevent the rest of the Abbasid caliphate from disentigrating after the Mongol invasion. |
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