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| informal term applied to any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus; most are unicellular though some are colonial or multicellular |
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| organism that is capable of both photsynthesis and heterotrophy |
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| process in eukaryotic evolution in which a hetrotropyhic eukaryotic cell engulfed a photsynthetic eukartyotic cell, which survied in a symbiotic relationship inside the hetrotrophic cell |
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| one of the five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolution history of eukaryotes; have unique cytoskeletal fatures, ans oem species have an excavated feeing groove on one side othe cell body |
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| protists that has modified mitochondria, two equal-sized nuclei, and multiple flagella |
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| protists, such as a trichomonad, with modified mitochondria |
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| member of a diverse clade of flagellated protists that includes predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, and pathogenic parasites |
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| protist, such as a trypanosome, that has a single large mitochondiron that houses extranuclear DNA |
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| protist, such as Euglena or its derivatives, characterized by an anterior pocket from which one or two flagella emerge |
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| one of five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes; may have originated by secondary endosymbiosis and include two large protist clades, the aleolates and the stramenopiles |
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| protists with membrane-bounded sacs (alveoli) located just under the plasma membrane |
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| protists in a clade that includes many species that parsitize animals; some cause human disease |
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| protists in which a "hairy" flagellum (covered with fine, hairlike projections) is paired with a shorter, smoother flagellum |
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| biflagellated, photosynthetic protist named for its color, which results from its yellow and brown carotenoids |
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| multicellular, photosynthetic protist with a characteristic brown or olive color that results from carotenoids in its plastids; most are marine, some have plantlike body |
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| seaweed body that is plantlike, consisting of a holdfast, stipe and blades, yet lacks true roots, stems, and leaves |
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| rootlike structure that anchors a seaweed |
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| stemlike structure of a seaweed |
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| leaflike structure of a seaweed that provides most of the surface area for photosynthesis |
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| referring to a condition in the life cycle of plants and certain algae in which the sporophyte and gametophyte generations differ in morphology |
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| referring to alternating generations in plants and certain algae in which the sporophytes and gametophytes look alike, although they differ in chromosome number |
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| protist with flagellated cells (i.e. water mold, white rust, or downy mildew) that acquires nutrition mainly as decomposer or plant parasite |
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| one of five supergroup of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes; morphologically diverse protist clade that is defined by DNA similarities |
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| cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding |
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| aquatic protist that secretes hardened shell containing calcium carbonate and extends pseudopodia through pores in the shell |
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| protist, usually marine, with a shell generally made of silica and pseudopodia that radiate from the central body |
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| one of five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes; monophyletic group, includes red algae, green algae, and land plants, descnded form an ancient protist that engulfed a cyanobacterium |
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| photosynthetic protist, named for its color, which results from a red pigment that masks the green of chlorophyll; most are multicllular and marine |
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| photosynthetic protist, named for green chloroplasts that are similar in structure and pigment composition to those of land plants; paraphyletic group , some are more closely related to land plants than they are to other green agla |
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| one of five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes; supported by myosin proteins and some DNA studies, consists of amoebozoans and opisthokonts |
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| protist in a clade that includes many species with lobe- or tube-shaped pseudopodia |
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| type of protist that has amoeboid cells, flagellated cells, and a plasmodial feeding stage in its life cycle |
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| single mass of cytoplasm containg many diploid nuclei that forms during the life cycle of some slime molds |
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| type of protist htat has unicellular amoeboid cells and aggregated reproductive bodies in its life cycle |
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| member of the clade, Opisthokonta, organisms that descended from an ancestor with posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists |
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| organism that produces organic compounds from CO2 by harnessing light energy or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals |
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| alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms across the midline of a dividing plant cell |
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| plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo |
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| alternate name for land plants that refers to their shared derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos |
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| multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop |
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| diploid cell, also known as a spore mother cell, that undergoes meiosis and generates haploid spores |
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| multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed |
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| female version of gametangia |
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| male version of gametangia |
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| embryonice plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots; dividing cells of which enable the plant to grow in length |
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| informal name for a member of the phylum lycophyta, which includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts |
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| group of organisms that share the same level of organization complexity or share a key adaptation |
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| small, herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Anthocerophyta |
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| small, herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Bryophyta |
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| mass of green, branched, one-cell-thick filaments produced by germinated moss spores |
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| mature gamete-producing structure of a moss gametophyte |
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| long, tubular single cell or filament or cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground; not composed of tissues, lack specialized conducing cells, do not play a primary role in water and nutrient absorption |
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| portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids , water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells |
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| elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte |
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| ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule, often specialized for gradual spore discharge |
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| microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant |
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| long, tapered water conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants |
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| hard material embeded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species |
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| organ in vaxcular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil |
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| main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants |
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| in lycophytes a small leaf with a single unbranched vein |
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| leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants |
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| modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction |
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| technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gynosperms and some seedless vascular plants |
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| term referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte |
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| term referring to a plant spcies that has two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes, and megaspores, whic hdevelop into female gametophytes |
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| spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte |
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| spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte |
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| layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant |
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| transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilizatoin |
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| an extinct seedless vascular plant that may be ancestral to seed plants |
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| modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens |
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| modified leaf of a flowering plant; often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators |
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| pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament |
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| in an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower |
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| in an angiosperm, the the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form |
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| ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary |
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| sticky part of a flower's carpel, which traps pollen grains |
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| stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top |
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| female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei |
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| pore in the integument(s) of an ovule |
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| seeed leaf of an angiosperm embryo; some have one, others two |
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| member of a clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed leaf, or cotyledon |
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| term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves or cotyldons; do not form a clade |
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| member of a clade consisting of the vast majority of flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves or cotyldons |
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| member of a clade of three early-diverging lineages of flowering plants |
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| member of the angiosperm clade most closely related to eudicots |
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