Term
| Light' Five Agendas or Purposes for Communicative Interactions |
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Definition
Wants and Needs
Information Transfer
Social Closeness
Social Etiquette
Internal Communication |
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Term
| Example of Internal Communication (Light's 5 agendas) |
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Definition
Internal dialogue
Organization of daily activities
Maintenance of calendars |
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Term
| Example of Social Etiquette (Light's 5 agendas) |
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Definition
polite Interactions
small talk
predictable efficient utterances
rate and efficiency important for social etiquette |
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Term
| Example of Social Closeness (Light's 5 agendas) |
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Definition
Establish, maintain, or develop relationships
Content less important than interaction
Rate, accuracy and content secondary to feelings. |
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Term
| Beukelman and Miranda estimate ..........Americans with severe communication impairments |
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Definition
| 3.5 million Americans with severe communication impairments |
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Term
| Original Three +Additional Goals of AAC |
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Definition
1. Provide temporary means of communication.
2. Provide long term means of communication.
3. Facilitate development of Spoken Communication.
----
4. Provide means of written communication.
5. Facilitate achievement of concepts.
6. Facilitate achievement of other communication, education and intervention goals. |
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Term
| Light's Four Competencies to Support Communication |
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Definition
Linguistic
Operational
Strategic
Social |
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Term
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Definition
Expressive and receptive language skills in one's native language.
"knowledge and skills of linguistic code of a language that that is used in social setting"
"have knowledge and skills of the AAC system's language code"
Symbol combination and comprehension |
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Term
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Definition
Refers to skills required to technically operate and use
Often facilitators will require instruction in order to achieve operational competence.
Operational competence leads to need to:
1)keep vocabulary current
2)construct overlays or other displays as needed
3)protect technology against damage
4) modify system for future use |
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Term
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Definition
Knowledge of sociolinguistic and sociorelational factors
1) Knowledge, judgement and skills of sociolinguistic and sociorelational factors
2) engage in variety of communication functions
3) active participation and responsiveness |
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Term
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Definition
strategic competence refers to effective use of communication to reduce, avoid or repair communication breakdowns.
-What to do when word is not available? Or how to request change in environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Activity Participation Inventory is based on the Participation Model. API involves 1) identifying target activity, 2) listing steps of target activity, 3) observe non-disabled peer doing activity, 4) observe client doing activity (rate level of independence), 5) discrepancy between peer and client performing activity (rate level of independence) 6) identify barriers to client's participation in activity |
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Term
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Definition
| dated model for AAC. Assumed AAC only appropriate for people with physical impairments only. Excluded people with developmental disabilities, linguistic and cognitive impairments. |
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Term
| participation model (and assessment steps) |
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Definition
extension of communication needs model
assess person's needs today
assess person's future needs
make plans for follow up assessment |
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Term
| Levels of Independence with Activity Participation Inventory |
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Definition
1. independent (w/o human assistance)
2. independent with assistance (initiates ind.)
3. independent with set-up (prior setup of activity)
4. verbal prompt
5. model prompt
6. gestural prompt
7. physical prompt
8. does not participate
9. other |
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Term
| types of opportunity barriers |
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Definition
policy barrier
practice barrier
attitude barrier
knowledge barrier
skill barrier |
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Term
| opportunity barrier versus access barrier |
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Definition
opportunity barrier refers to barrier imposed by people other than the person with the CCN
access barrier refers to barrier that exists primarily because of limitations in the current capabilities of the individual or his/her communication system |
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Term
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Definition
motoric barriers
sensory/perceptual barriers
communication competence barriers |
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Term
| examples of motoric barriers |
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Definition
fine motor barrier
gross mottor barrier
mobility barrier
positioning/posture barrier |
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Term
| types of communication competence barriers |
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Definition
linguistic barrier
operational barrier
social barrier
strategic barrier |
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Term
| Strategic Barrier (type of Comm. Competence Barrier) |
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Definition
| Strategic barriers result from lack of mastery of knowledge and skills necessary to prevent/compensate for communication breakdowns. |
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Term
| Social barriers (type of Communication Competence Barrier) |
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Definition
| barriers that result from lack of mastery of knowledge and skills in sociocultural rules governing communication interactions |
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Term
| operational barriers (type of communication competence barrier) |
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Definition
| barriers resulting from lack of mastery of knowledge and skills necessary for operation of AAC system. |
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Term
| linguistic barrier (type of communication competence barrier) |
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Definition
| barrier resulting from lack of mastery of knowledge and skills of "the native language as spoken by the community...and the linguistic code required by the AAC system". |
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Term
| General SLP responsibilities for assessment (motor) |
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Definition
Ambulatory Status
Seating
Selection technique |
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Term
| Considerations direct selection in terms of motor assessment |
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Definition
Consider: hand/arm control, head and orofacial control, and foot and leg control.
Consider how direct selection techniques could have unwanted consequences...for example atypical movements could result in unwanted selections |
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Term
| type of grid for finger pointing or head stick control: |
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Definition
| for finger pointing and head stick control, use horizontal grid |
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Term
| type of grid for eye pointing and head-light |
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Definition
| for eye pointing and headlamp use vertical grid |
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Term
| components of switch control |
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Definition
wait
activate
hold
release
reactivate
fatigue |
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Term
| for step scanning fatigue is ..... |
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Definition
| for step scanning fatigue is high |
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Term
| for automatic scanning "wait" is.... |
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Definition
| for automatic scanning wait is high |
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Term
| for automatic scanning "activate" is.... |
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Definition
| for automatic scanning "activate" is high |
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Term
| for automatic scanning "reactivate" is... |
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Definition
| for automatic scanning "reactivate" is high |
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Term
| for directed scanning hold is ..... |
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Definition
| for automatic scanning "hold" is high |
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Term
| for directed scanning "release" is... |
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Definition
| for directed scanning "release" is high |
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Term
| dual task demands _____ linguistic performance |
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Definition
| dual task demands decrease linguistic performance |
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Term
| Types of attention to consider when assessing cognitive-linguistic capabilities |
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Definition
Sustained Attention
Alternating Attention
Selective Attention
Divided Attention |
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Term
| Divided attention (in terms of cognitive linguistic assessment) |
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Definition
| Divided attention is the ability to divide attention between two tasks |
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Term
| Selective attention (in terms of cognitive linguistic assessment) |
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Definition
| Selective assessment refers to ability to focus on certain stimuli and ignore others |
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Term
| Alternating attention (in terms of cognitive linguistic assessment) |
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Definition
| Alternating attention is the ability to shift focus between 2 tasks. |
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Term
| ______ _________ is mediated through language |
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Definition
| Working memory is mediated through language |
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Term
| Research suggests that language impairment of any kind is associated with decreased _______ ________. |
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Definition
| Research suggests that language impairment of any kind is associated with decreased working memory |
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Term
| Language impairment may either limit _____ __ or ______ working memory |
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Definition
| Language impairment may either limit access to or reduce working memory |
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Term
| Cognitive-linguistic capabilities to assess |
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Definition
Awareness
Communicative intent
World knowledge
Memory
Symbolic representation
metacognitive skills
visual spatial skills |
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Term
| Other skills to look for cognitive linguistic assessment |
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Definition
object permanence
means-ends relationship
cause-effect
spatial relationship
imitation
object permanence |
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Term
| Assessment of Cognitive Linguistic Skills |
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Definition
Interview questions
School inventory of problem solving skills
Home inventory of problem solving skills |
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Term
| Features of Home Inventory of Problem Solving Skills and School Inventory of Problem Solving Skills |
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Definition
-Designed for kids who use AAC/nonverbal, severe, developmental disabilities
-Uses simple rating scale
-Skills with objects, simple actions, transferring, gain access to objects, tools use, use objects for matching or functionally |
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Term
| types of no tech AAC devices |
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Definition
Adapted book
communication boxes
communication boards
communication books
communication menus
communication vests
Etran charts
Rotary scans |
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Term
| Examples of LoTech AAC devices |
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Definition
GoTalk
Laser Pointers w/ ETRAN
Dynawrite
Big Mack Switch |
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Term
| Synthesized speech versus digitized speech |
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Definition
digitized speech is almost equivalent to human speech
synthesized speech is improving in quality |
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Term
| BIGMack Activation Switch |
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Definition
| BIGMack's large activation switch is helpful for people with motor, cognitive or visual impairments. |
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Term
| Selection Set Presentation Modes |
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Definition
Visual-graphic symbols/written text etc
Auditory-scanning through messages or symbols, which are presented audibly
Tactile-partial or whole object/braille |
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Term
| Disadvantages of visual selection set |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fixed displays/dynamic displays/hybrid displays |
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Term
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Definition
| Symbols don't move. Typical for low tech devices. |
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Term
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Definition
Computer screen programs with graphic symbols in a variety of locations
When symbol is activated, overlay changes to reveal new screens |
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Term
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Definition
| Electronic fixed displays with dynamic component |
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Term
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Definition
| selection set includes the visual, auditory and tactile presentation of all messages, symbols and codes that are available at one time to a person who relies on AAC |
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Term
| Some advantages of high technology SGDs |
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Definition
Unlimited vocabulary
Portability
High quality speech with choice of voices
Appropriate rates of interaction
Aesthetic appeal
Can include prosodic features to express emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| A picture, photograph or virtual environment that depicts and represents a situation, place or experience |
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Term
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Definition
Can be used with real objects, partial objects, photos or smart phone collages.
Word types (example: nouns/verbs) are on same location on every page. May use Fitzgerald Key to assist organization. |
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Term
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Definition
Can be used with real objects, partial objects, photos or smart phone collages.
Word types (example: nouns/verbs) are on same location on every page. May use Fitzgerald Key to assist organization. |
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Term
| Basic features of Taxonomic Grid Displays |
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Definition
Graphic symbols organized in hierarchical fashion.
Superordinate and subordinate categories.
Complex Navigation. |
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Term
| Considerations for Physical Characteristics of Displays |
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Definition
1) Visual discrimination problems (compensate by putting large spaces between symbols)
2) Right Visual field neglect?
3) Motor ROM
4) Accessibility: put quick hitters on same location each page. |
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Term
| Capacity Model for Attention |
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Definition
| Attention allows individuals to respond to stimuli in environment or shift focus |
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Term
| In capacity model of attention, 3 factors responsible for deficits in attention performance |
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Definition
1) insufficient input
2) allocation of attention resources
3) exceeded capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardware by which human operates or controls the device |
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Term
| Two ways in which the user makes selections using the control interface: |
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Definition
1) Direct Selection
2) Indirect selection |
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Term
| Direct selection is ______ easier but ______ more difficult. |
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Definition
| Direct selection is cognitively easier but physically more difficult. |
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Term
| In direct selection, consumer indicates choice using his __________________________. |
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Definition
| In direct selection, consumer indicates choice using his voice, head, eye, finger, hand or other body part movement. |
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Term
| Typically direct selection is ________ than scanning. |
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Definition
| Typically direct selection is faster than scanning. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cursor moves from one item to next through entire set. |
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Term
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Definition
Row-Column: cursor moves through rows until cursor activated. Then scans through column.
Group-Row:splits selection set in half,then scans through rows in that half of selection set. |
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Term
| Types of selection for scanning |
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Definition
Automatic Scanning
Inverse Scanning
Step Scanning
Directed scanning |
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Term
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Definition
| Activation of switch begins scanning. Release of switch makes selection. |
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Term
| Direct Selection techniques |
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Definition
-timed activation
-release activation
-filtered activation |
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Term
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Definition
User can select horizontal or vertical scanning
Requires more steps than direct selection but few steps than single switch scanning. |
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Term
| Disadvantages of scanning |
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Definition
Background noise can distract person trying to scan
Auditory scanning can create noise
Scanning takes time
Scanning places demands on memory |
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Term
| Six Laws for Applying AAC |
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Definition
Law of Parsimony
Law of Minimal Effort
Law of Minimal Learning
Law of Minimal Interference
Law of Best Fit
Law of Practicality |
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Term
| General types of aides for AAC |
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Definition
mouthsticks
headpointers
reachers |
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Term
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Definition
Amount of Energy
Force
Size
Placement
Travel time
Feedback |
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Term
| Movement for switch control should....... |
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Definition
Movement for switch control should
1) be reproducible
2) not prompt extra muscles
3) require minimal effort |
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Term
| Augmentative Communication |
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Definition
| A strategy that is used in combination with residual speech skills and that enhances, aides or supplements natural speech |
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Term
| Alternative Communication: |
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Definition
| Total reliance on an AAC strategy that a typical person would accomplish using speech. |
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Term
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Definition
Discrepancy between AAC system and personal communication agenda.
Too many wants and needs in device over social closeness |
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Term
| 4 components of AAC system |
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Definition
| Symbols, aids, techniques and strategies |
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Term
| Symbols may be_______ ________ or __________ and ______ or ______ |
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Definition
| Symbols may auditory, tactile or visual and linguistic or nonlinguistic |
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Term
| Symbols can be classified under the following taxonomy: |
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Definition
Aided vs unaided
opaque vs iconic
set vs system
static vs dynamic |
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Term
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Definition
| Communication symbols that use something external to the body to represent, select or transmit data. |
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Term
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Definition
| symbols in which movement or change is not necessary to understand meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| symbols in which movement or change is necessary to understand meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| Symbols that readily depict referents are some easily identifiable aspect of referent |
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Term
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Definition
| symbols that have little to no visual resemblance to their referent |
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Term
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Definition
| visual relationship between symbol and a referent |
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Term
| transparency equates with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| visual relationship between symbol and referent not readily understood unless they are viewed together |
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