Term
| What are the functions of the urinary system |
|
Definition
Excretion of wastes
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Acid base balance
Regulation of BP
Stimulates erythropoiesis
Activates vitamin D |
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|
Term
| What are the organs of the urinary system |
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Definition
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra |
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Term
| Describe the kidney shape and color |
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Definition
| Reddish brown bean shaped organs |
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Term
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Definition
| 4in. long and 2in. wide and 1in. thick |
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Term
| The medial surface of the kidney has an indentation called |
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Definition
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Term
| At the hilus of the kidney its the point where |
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Definition
| Blood vessels enter and exit also the point where ureters exit the kidney |
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Term
| The kidney is covered with the renal |
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Definition
| capsule (a fibrous membrane) embedded in adipose tissue and the renal fascia which also anchors the kidney to the wall to the peritoneum and the abdominal wall |
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Term
| The kidney has three regions called |
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Definition
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| The outer layer is made up of renal corpuscies and convoluted tubules |
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Term
|
Definition
| The inner layer of tissues is made up of loop of Henie and collection tubules. The tubules form cone shaped structures called the renal pyramids. The tips (apex or papilla) of the renal pyramids point towards the renal pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| A funnel shaped cavity that forms the upper part of the ureter. It collects urine made by the kidney and directs it towards the ureter |
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Term
| The edges of the renal pelvis are cup/funnel shapes called |
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Definition
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Term
| Each calyx surrounds the papilla of a |
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Definition
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Term
| Urine flows from the renal pyramids to the calyces to the |
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Definition
| Renal pelvis to the ureter |
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Term
| The kidney is perfused by the |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidney receives 20-25% of |
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Definition
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Term
| In the kidney the renal artery branches into a number of arteries which |
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Definition
| Branch into a number of arterioles |
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Term
| The arterioles come in contact with the |
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Definition
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Term
| Venules in the kidney unite to form |
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Definition
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Term
| Veins in the kidney merge to form the |
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Definition
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Term
| The renal vein leaves the kidney and joins |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The nephron is the structural and functional |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Each kidney contains about 1 million |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The nephron is made up of two parts the |
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Definition
| The tubular structure and the vascular structure |
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Term
| The function of the nephron depends on the tubular and vascular component. How they are arranged in |
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Definition
| Relationship to each other |
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Term
| Filtration in the nephron is done by |
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Definition
| Movement of water and solutes from the glomerulus to bowmans capsule |
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Term
| Secretion in the nephron is done by |
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Definition
| Additional waster products and unneeded electrolytes are moved from the bloodstream into the forming urine |
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Term
| Reabsorption in the nephron is done by |
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Definition
| Water, electrolytes and additional needed materials are moved from the forming urine into the bloodstream |
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Term
| The renal curpuscle is composed of what two parts |
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Definition
| Glomerulus and Glomerular (Bowmans) capsule |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The afferent arteriole brings blood to the renal corpuscle and it branches into |
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Definition
| A large number of capillaries, The glomerulus |
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Term
| The capillaries of the glomerulus merge to form the efferent arteriole which takes |
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Definition
| Blood away from the renal corpuscle |
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Term
| The afferent arteriole has a wider diameter |
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Definition
| Than the efferent arteriole |
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Term
| Bowmans/Glomerular capsule is part of the |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The bowmans/glomerular capsule surrounds the glomerulus and |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The bowmans/glomerular capsule is the site of |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Long tubular structure that is surrounded by the peritubular capillaries |
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Term
| The renal tubules are the site for |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the proximal convoluted tubule |
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Definition
| First part of the renal tubules after the glomerular capsule |
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Term
| The site of most reabsorption is the |
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Definition
| Proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| Normally 100% of the filtered glucose, amino acids and other useful metaobolites are |
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Definition
| Reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| What is the loop of henie |
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Definition
| A hair pin U shaped structure |
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Term
| The loop of henie has a descending limb and |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Reabsorption of K, Na, Cl and the beginning of H20 absorption occurs in the |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the distal convoluted tubule |
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Definition
| It is the extension of the ascending limb of the loop of henie |
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Term
| Reabsorption of Na, Cl, and H20 continues in |
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Definition
| The distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| The DCT is the site for the action of |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The DCT is the site of tubular |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the collecting tublue |
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Definition
| It is formed by the union of the DCT from several nephrons |
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Term
| The collecting tubules empty into the calyces of the |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Water and solutes moved between the vascular structure and the tubular structure of the nephron |
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|
Term
| Urine formation involes three processes |
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Definition
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion |
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Term
| Glomerular filtration occurs because the pressure in the glomerulus is |
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Definition
| Higher than the pressure in the glomerular capsule |
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Term
| Glomerular filtration is dependent on |
|
Definition
| BP (Remember afferent arteriole is wider in diameter than the efferent arteriole) |
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Term
| Glomerular filtration involves movement of water and solutes from the bloodstream |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What passes into the filtrate is dependent on the size of the |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In glomerular filtration normally electrolytes, urea, creatinine and glucose pass |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In glomerular filtration normally RBC's and large proteins do |
|
Definition
| Not pass into the filtrate |
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Term
| Glomerular filtration rate is about |
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Definition
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Term
| Glomerular filtration depends on BP and the amount of blood |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Normal urine production is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Approximately 99% of the filtrate in glomerular filtration gets |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Most tubular reabsorption takes place in the |
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Definition
| PCT (Proximal convoluted tubule) |
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Term
| The kidney regulates Tubular reabsorption takes place by |
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Definition
Diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Most important electrolyte that is involved in fluid balance and fluid distribution in the body |
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Term
| All of the glucose in the filtrate gets reabsorbed by |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the amino acids and small proteins in the filtrate get reabsorbed by |
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Definition
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Term
| PTH promotes the reabsorption of |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| For many of the substances that are rebsorbed by the renal tubules there is a threshold level |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Concentration of urine depends on |
|
Definition
Osmosis
ADH (secreted by the posterior pituitary)
Aldosterone (secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland) |
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Term
| ADH makes the walls of the DCT and the collecting duct |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When BP falls filtration is not effective and the kidneys secrete renin which is part of the |
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Definition
| Angio-aldosterone-mechanism |
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|
Term
| Aldosterone is secreted by |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of |
|
Definition
| Na (water follows the sodium) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ureters connect the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each ureter is made up of three layers |
|
Definition
Epithelium
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue |
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Term
| Urine drains by gravity and the ureters are capable of |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The ureters open into the inferior part of the urinary bladder so that a full bladder compresses the ureters and |
|
Definition
| Prevents backflow of urine |
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Term
| When the urinary bladder empty where is it located |
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Definition
| Behind the pubic symphysis below the parietal preitoneum |
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Term
| When full where is the urinary bladder located |
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Definition
| It extends into the abdominal cavity |
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Term
| What is the function of the urinary bladder |
|
Definition
| Temporary storage organ for urine |
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Term
| What is the wall of the urinary bladder made of |
|
Definition
Mucosa: Mucous membrane (transitional epithelium)
Submucosa: Connective tissue, elastic fibers
Smooth muscle: Called the detrusor muscle
Outer layer: Serosa |
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|
Term
| When empty the urinary bladder has |
|
Definition
| Rugae which allow it to stretch as it fills |
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|
Term
| Triangular area in the floor of the urinary bladder formed by the openings of the ureters and the urethra is called a |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The urethra is a tube that extends from the |
|
Definition
| Urinary bladder to the urinary meatus |
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Term
| In the male the urethra is about |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In the male the urethra is a shared passageway between the urinary and the |
|
Definition
| Reproductive systems surrounded by the prostate gland |
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Term
| In the female the urethra is about |
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Definition
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Term
| The only function of the urethra in the female is to |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal reflex initiated by stretching of the detrusor muscle is called |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The urge to urinate is felt when the urinary bladder contains |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Internal urethral sphincter is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| External urethral sphincter is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yellow straw colled/amber |
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Term
| The pH of urine average is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Specific gravity very dilute is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Specific gravity very concentrated is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Average of specific gravity is |
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Definition
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Term
| Per day volume of urine is about |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Average volume of urine is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In urine aside from a few casts the urine should contain no |
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Definition
Glucose
Ketones
0-tr protein
No blood
Be sterile |
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Term
|
Definition
| Glucose in urine and presence is indicative of uncontrolled DM |
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Term
|
Definition
| Albuminuria and is indicative of kkidney disorders ex. glomerulonephritis or acute renal failure |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hematuria and presence is indicative of trauma, infection , Ca |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ketonuria and presence is indicative of DM or starvation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pyuria and presence is indicative of infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase in number is indicative of inflammation or systemic disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
| Presence of microorganisms in the urinary tract |
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Term
|
Definition
Nosocomial infection\
Requires hospitalization |
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Term
| Females are more susceptible to |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The inability to void even with an urge to void is called |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The inability to empty bladder causes urinary |
|
Definition
| Stasis and increases the possibility of infection |
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Term
| S/S of urinary retention are |
|
Definition
Distended bladder
Sensation of frequency
Urgency
Discomfort |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to inspect, treat, or diagnose disorders of the urinary bladder. Monitor first void after procedure - May be blood tinged |
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|
Term
| A renal biopsy is performed |
|
Definition
During an open procedure or by needle biopsy. Bedrest for 24 hours after procedure. Mobility is restricted for next 24 hours
@ RISK FOR HEMORRHAGING |
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|
Term
| With Urinary catheters do not urinate more then |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tighten the muscles and are recommended to help bladder incontinece |
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|
Term
| The organs of the urinary system are |
|
Definition
Two kidneys
Two urethers
One bladder
One urethra |
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Term
| The functions of the kidneys are to |
|
Definition
Filter material not needed by body or of which it has excess
To maintain water and electrolyte balance
To maintain acid-base balance |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) used for |
|
Definition
| Determines kidneys ability to rid blood of non-protein nitrogen waste and urea. Normal value 10-20 mg/dL |
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|
Term
| Serum creatinine is a very good |
|
Definition
Indicator of kidney function; the higher the creatinine level, the more impaired the kidney function
Normal value = 0.6-1.5 mg/dL |
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|
Term
| Intravenous pyleogram or intravenous urography is a |
|
Definition
Radiopaque dye is injected into a vein and films are taken at various intervals to monitor the movement of the dye. This test evaluates the structures of the urinary tract
Patient should be NPO 8 hours before the test.
Allergies to iodine should be noted
FORCE FLUIDS AFTER |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formation of urinary calculi anywhere in urinary system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collicly (stabbing) pain
Hematuria
N/V |
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|
Term
| The treatment of urollithiasis is to |
|
Definition
Force fluids 2000-3000ml to prevent kidney stones and when you have stones
FORCE FLUIDS REST OF LIFE
Strain urine |
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|
Term
| Uro and cole lithiasis you can have lithrotripsy which is |
|
Definition
| Shockwaves to break up stones |
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Term
| Smoking is the biggest risk factor |
|
Definition
Tumors of the kidney
As well as any tumor |
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Term
|
Definition
| Intermittent painless hematuria |
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|
Term
| For IVP ask about allergies to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| You have to force fluids to get out dye during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two tests that let you know how the kidneys are functioning |
|
Definition
BUN and Creatinine If ELEVATED
Kidneys bad |
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|
Term
| Normal for the first urine after a cystoscope to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ilead conduit is a urinary diversion which means |
|
Definition
| Urine leaving other then the uretra |
|
|
Term
| An ileum passageway takes the bladder out and takes a |
|
Definition
Piece of illeum to close back intestine
Create a stoma
So now urine comes out on abdomen |
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|
Term
| With the stoma for an ileum passageway its normal for the urine to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do people with enlarged prostate have urinary problems |
|
Definition
Blocks urethra
Surrounds urethra |
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|
Term
| With renal failure the answer is not force |
|
Definition
Fluid
Cause you are retaining failure |
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|
Term
| Benign prostate hypertrophy means |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With BPH you wake up alot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transuretral resection of the prostate |
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|
Term
| When pt has an enlarged prostate the main thing done is a |
|
Definition
TURP
Cut up prostate and bring it through the urethra |
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|
Term
| After prostate ectomy you can perform |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continuous bladder irrigation |
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|
Term
| Acute glomerulonephritis is caused by |
|
Definition
| Strep infection 2 weeks prior to getting this |
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|
Term
| What doesn't belong in your urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The full name of strep is |
|
Definition
| Bethahemalytic strepococlus |
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|
Term
| With chronic renal failure the diet is |
|
Definition
| Low protein, Na & K but high carbs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pts not on dialysis will slip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disoriented
Fatigued
BUN/Creatinine HIGH |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt in renal failure is on a fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt could be hypertensive after |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Every shift you check the AV |
|
Definition
Fistula
Feeling for the thrill
Feeling for a vibration swishing sound |
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|
Term
| Every shift for a pt on dialysis you need to check for |
|
Definition
The vibration of AV fistula
Bleeding
Infection
Rest periods
No BP on arm with fistula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nephrectomy main problem after removal of kidneys you have to watch for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S/S of kidney transplant rejection are |
|
Definition
Fever
Swelling
Stops functioning |
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|
Term
| If pt. goes for a kidney transplant and ends up having leukopenia why is that |
|
Definition
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|
