Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where would you find simple squamous cells? |
|
Definition
| Capillary walls, alveoli (tiny air sacs in lungs) of the lungs, glomerular capsule in kidney, serous membranes |
|
|
Term
| Describe simple squamous tissue |
|
Definition
| Flat, irregular cells with flat nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find simple cuboidal cells? |
|
Definition
| Tubules (small tubes) & ducts, as in kidney, liver, glands |
|
|
Term
| Describe simple cuboidal tissue |
|
Definition
| Square cells with central round nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find simple columnar cells? |
|
Definition
| Lining of stomach, intestine, oviducts |
|
|
Term
| Describe simple columnar tissue |
|
Definition
| Long narrow cells with ovoid basal nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find pseudo-stratified cells? |
|
Definition
| Lining of respiratory passages |
|
|
Term
| Describe pseudo-stratified tissues |
|
Definition
| Columnar cells that appear stratified, but are not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single cell layers allows materials to pass from 1 system to another |
|
|
Term
| Define stratified epithelium |
|
Definition
| Multiple cell layers provide protection in areas subjects to wear & tear |
|
|
Term
| Describe stratified squamous |
|
Definition
| Flat, irregular cells in layers |
|
|
Term
| Describe stratifiedcuboidal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe stratified columnar |
|
Definition
| Long narrow cells in layers |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find stratified squamous cells? |
|
Definition
| Outer layer of skin, lining of mouth, throat, anus, vagina |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find stratified cuboidal cells? |
|
Definition
| Not common-in some glands |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find stratified columnar cells? |
|
Definition
| Not common-larynx, some ducts |
|
|
Term
| Describe transitional cells |
|
Definition
| Square cells that flatten as they are stretched, then return to original shape |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find transitional cells? |
|
Definition
| Lining of urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| What does the epithelial tissue form? |
|
Definition
A protective covering for the body (outer layer of skin)
Forms membrane & ducts |
|
|
Term
| What does the epithelial tissue do? |
|
Definition
Lines body cavities along with hollow organs
Forms membranes & ducts |
|
|
Term
| What can epithelial tissue act as? |
|
Definition
| Covering, lining, membrane, ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cube shaped epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Column shapes epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of layers epithelial tissues can be? |
|
Definition
Simple: Single layer
Stratified: Many layers
Pseudo-stratified: Looks like there are multiple layers when there is only 1 layer |
|
|
Term
| What happens when goblet cells secrete mucus? |
|
Definition
1) Trap foreign particles in respiratory tract
2) Protect lining digestive organs |
|
|
Term
| What do goblet cells secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the bodies only unicellular gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can epithelial cells repair & replace themselves equally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs with epithelial cells that have cilia? |
|
Definition
| Sweep particles trapped in mucus away from lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produce substances that are sent to other parts of the body |
|
|
Term
| What do exocrine glands use? |
|
Definition
Use ducts to deliver products to other regions
Example:
Sweat & salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| What do endocrine glands use? |
|
Definition
Use blood vessel to deliver hormones to another region
Example:
Adrenal gland & thyroid |
|
|
Term
| What gland can be classified as a exocrine & endocrine gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-living material between cells |
|
|
Term
| What does connective tissue contain? |
|
Definition
| Large amounts of matrix between cells |
|
|
Term
| What is a major component in protein fiber collagen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the supporting fabric of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain circulating connective tissue |
|
Definition
1) Fluid connects tissue that travels in vessels
2) Carries nutrients, gases, wastes, & other materials throughout body |
|
|
Term
| What are some types of circulating fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe blood & where it is located |
|
Definition
| Cells in fluid matrix circulating through heart & in blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lymph & where it is located? |
|
Definition
| Fluid delivered from blood plasma circulating in lymphatic vessels |
|
|
Term
| What are some types of verbalized connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is loose connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Soft matrix that provides support & protection |
|
|
Term
| What are some forms of loose connective tissue? |
|
Definition
Areolar which is part of the superficial fascia that acts as "packing material"
& adipose |
|
|
Term
| Describe areolar loose connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Loose mixture of cells & fibers on a semi-liquid matrix; abundant through body |
|
|
Term
| Where would areolar loose connective tissue be found? |
|
Definition
| Around organs & vessels, in membranes, under skin |
|
|
Term
| Where would loose adipose connective tissue be found? |
|
Definition
| Padding around organs & joints under skin |
|
|
Term
| What is adipose loose connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Composed of cells modified to store fat; insulates body & is stored in tissues as energy supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of dens connective tissues? |
|
Definition
| Firm matrix with large numbers of collagen & elastic fibers |
|
|
Term
| What does the dens connective tissue provide? |
|
Definition
| Protection, support, flexibility, attachment |
|
|
Term
| What are some types of dens connective tissues? |
|
Definition
| Irregular, regular & elastic |
|
|
Term
| What is the appearance of dens irregular connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Mostly collagen fibers in random arrangements |
|
|
Term
| What is the appearance of dens regular connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Mostly collagen fibers in parallel alignment |
|
|
Term
| What is the appearance of dens elastic connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Mostly elastic fibers; can stretch & return to original size |
|
|
Term
| Where would you locate dens irregular connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Fibrous membrane, capsules |
|
|
Term
| Where would you locate dens regular connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where would you locate dens elastic connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Blood vessels walls, respiratory passages |
|
|
Term
| What is the strongest conmective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Structural connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the structural connective tissue associate with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 types of structural connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of cartilage? |
|
Definition
| Strong & flexible with a solid matrix |
|
|
Term
| What does cartilage provide? |
|
Definition
| Protection, structure, shock absorption & elasticity |
|
|
Term
| What are some types of cartilage? |
|
Definition
| Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic |
|
|
Term
| What is the appearance of hyaline cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the appearance of fibrocartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the characteristics of elastic cartilage? |
|
Definition
| High in elastic fibers; can stretch & return to original size |
|
|
Term
| What are the locations of Hyaline cartilage? |
|
Definition
| Covers ends of bone, makes up tip of nose, connects ribs to sternum, reinforces larynx & trachea |
|
|
Term
| What makes up tip of nose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What connects robs to sternum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What reinforces larynx & trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the locations of fibrocartilage? |
|
Definition
| Between vertebrae, in anterior Pubic joint, knee joint |
|
|
Term
| What are the locations of elastic cartilage? |
|
Definition
| Larynx, epiglottis, outer ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the bone tissue in the body provide? |
|
Definition
| Structure, support & protection of the body |
|
|
Term
| What do none work with during movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the bone composed of? |
|
Definition
| Solid matrix hardened with mineral salts |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
Contractile - shorten
Extension - elongate
Elastic - can recoil length
Excitable/irritable - responds to nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What muscles move voluntary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of skeletal muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are striated? |
|
Definition
| Cardiac & Skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
| What muscle cells could have Multi nuclei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are found in the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the cardiac muscles look like? |
|
Definition
| Branching cylindrical cells |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are involuntary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles have intercalated disks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles attach to bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are the walls of hallow organs? |
|
Definition
| Smooth (visceral) muscles |
|
|
Term
| What muscle cells are tapered? |
|
Definition
| Smooth (visceral) muscles |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are involuntary? |
|
Definition
| Smooth (visceral) muscles |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are not striated? |
|
Definition
| Smooth (visceral) muscles |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are visceral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the bodies communication system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the components of nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Brain, spinal cord, nerves |
|
|
Term
| What are some nervous cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Basic unit of nervous tissue;
Nerve fiber/nerve cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neuroglia cells or glia cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coming back toward some central thing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Going away from some central thing |
|
|
Term
| Where do Afferent signals go when deal with nerve cells? |
|
Definition
| Through dendrites towards cell body |
|
|
Term
| Where do efferent signals go when dealing with nerve cells? |
|
Definition
| Efferent signals move away from cell body towards synapses |
|
|
Term
| What forms the myelin sheath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What protects the brain from harmful substances? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the nervous system, what gets rid of foreign organisms & cellular debris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What role does neuroglia play when dealing with the nervous system? |
|
Definition
1) Support & protect nervous tissue
(Protect the brain from harmful substances)
[Get rid of foreign organism & cellular debris]
2) Forms myelin sheath around axons |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of mucous membrane? |
|
Definition
1) Trap & remove foreign particles
2) Protect deeper tissue
3) Absorb food materials |
|
|
Term
| Do neuroglia transmit nerve impulse like neurons? |
|
Definition
| Neuroglia do NOT transmit nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bundle of nerve fibers (neurons) held together by connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Un-myelinated nerve fibers (neurons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Myelinated nerve fiber (neuron) |
|
|
Term
| What are Un-myelinated neurons called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are myelinated nerve fibers called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of membranes? |
|
Definition
1) Cover surfaces
2) Serve as dividers
3) Anchor organs
4) Line hollow organs or body cavities
5) Secretes lubricants to ease the movement of organs |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of membranous? |
|
Definition
| Epithelial & connective membranous |
|
|
Term
| Describe epithelial membranes |
|
Definition
| Outer surface is made of epithelium (usually overlaying some form of connective tissue) |
|
|
Term
| Where would serious membranes be found? |
|
Definition
| Line body cavities & cover internal organs |
|
|
Term
| Where would mucous membranes be found? |
|
Definition
| Line tubes, ducts & cavities that open to outside of the body |
|
|
Term
| What is cutaneous membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the serous membrane connect to the outside of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the serous membrane secrete? |
|
Definition
| Serous fluid that acts as a lubricant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wall of cavity
"Lines things" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superficial layer that surrounds organs
(& sometimes parietal layer)
"Covers things" |
|
|
Term
| What does the parietal pleurae layer line? |
|
Definition
| Parietal layers line thoracic cavity |
|
|
Term
| What does the visceral pleurae layer cover? |
|
Definition
| Visceral layer covers lungs |
|
|
Term
| What lines the thoracic cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer covers the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer lines pericardial sac? |
|
Definition
| Parietal Serous pericardium |
|
|
Term
| What layer covers the heart? |
|
Definition
| Visceral serous pericardium |
|
|
Term
| What does the parietal serous pericardium layer line? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the visceral serous pericardium layer cover? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layers line the abdominal cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer covers the abdominal organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the parietal peritoneum layer line? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the visceral peritoneum layer cover? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is connective tissue made up of epithelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do synovial membranes line? |
|
Definition
1) Line joint cavities & serous synovial fluid, which lubricates joints
2) line small cushioning sac near joints called bursae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is superficial fascia? |
|
Definition
| Underneath skin & insulates body |
|
|
Term
| Where is deep fascia found? |
|
Definition
| Covers, separates & protects skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
| What membranes surround organs? |
|
Definition
1) Periosteum surrounds bone
2) Perichondrium surrounds cartilage
3) Fibrous pericardium surrounds the heart |
|
|
Term
| What surrounds the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What covers, separates & protects skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes the body to activate inflammation & immune response? |
|
Definition
| When tissue to injury occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generalized, non-specific response intended to prevent further injury |
|
|
Term
| What are signs of inflammation? |
|
Definition
P.R.I.S.H
Pain, Redness, Immobility, Swelling & Heat |
|
|
Term
| What produces that heat from inflammation? |
|
Definition
| Increased blood flow to the region, because blood is hotter than the human body (101 degrees F) |
|
|
Term
| What process repairs damaged tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Damaged tissue replaced by same kind of cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Damaged tissue replaced by dense, fibrous connective tissue (CT)
Scar tissue |
|
|
Term
| What will determine of the tissue will regenerate or heal with scar tissue? |
|
Definition
| What kind of tissue is it & the severity of the injury |
|
|
Term
| What type of healing is involved with injury? |
|
Definition
| Combination or regeneration & fibrosis (scar tissue) |
|
|
Term
| What occurs when capillaries become very permeable? |
|
Definition
| Allows fluid contain clotting proteins & other substances that reach the injured area from the blood steam |
|
|
Term
| What occurs when clogging proteins construct a clot? |
|
Definition
| Prevent loss of blood, hold the edges of the wound together & wall off the injured area to prevent spread of infection |
|
|
Term
| What occurs when clot is exposed to air? |
|
Definition
| It dries & hardens to form a scab |
|
|
Term
| What occurs when granulation tissue forms? |
|
Definition
| Forms immature scar tissue; fragile, pink, made up of new capillaries |
|
|
Term
| What does granulation tissue contain? |
|
Definition
Phagocytes that will eventually clean up clot by eating debris
&
Fibroblasts which generate collagen fibers that will permanently close gap in the tissue; basis of scar |
|
|
Term
| What happens when scab detaches from body? |
|
Definition
| It uncovers a regenerated surface over an underlying area of fibrosis (the scar) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be invisible or appear as a thin, light-colored line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Early in embryonic development, 3 primary germ layers develop
(All the tissues of the body have their source in ectoderm, mesoderm & endoderm cell layers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Source of EPIDERMIS OF SKIN, hair, nails, skin glands; tooth enamel; lens of eye; ALL NERVOUS TISSUE; sense organ receptor cells; adrenal medulla; mucosae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SOURCE OF DERMIS OF SKIN; ALL MUSCLE TISSUE; ALL CONNECTIVE TISSUE; epithelium of serous membranes, joint cavities & blood vessels; kidneys ureters; adrenal cortex; epithelium of gonads & reproductive tracts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epithelium of digestive tract; epithelium of liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra, respiratory tract; thyroid, parathyroid & thymus glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decease in size of an organ or area of the body that looses normal stimulation
(muscles that are not used or have lost nerve supply) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased in the size of a tissue or organ unrelated to general growth of the body
(Due to increase in size of individual growth)
Not necessary pathological: Muscle growth from working out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell revert to a more primitive or undifferentiated form; characteristic of cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal development of cells; change in size, shape or organization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abnormal increase in number of cells; abnormal frequency of division
(examples: psoriasis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transformation of 1 tissue into another; abnormal replacement of 1 type of cell by another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Factors that cause mutations in genes that lead to cancer; include radiation, chemicals such as tobacco tars & saccharine (sweetener), & a certain viral infection (HPV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"New Growth"
A cell mass that develops when control of cell division malfunctions (tumor) |
|
|
Term
| What kind of gland has ducts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Good/not harmful"
Tumors that do NOT spread & are NOT typically dangerous (often enclosed by capillaries) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cancerous
Un-encapsulated growths that invade their surrounds; an aplastic cells; tend to break away from their parent mass & spread to distant parts of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of militant growths to travel through he body, usually via the blood stream & establish themselves in new locations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Death of cells or groups of cells |
|
|
Term
| What tissues do NOT regenerate? |
|
Definition
| Muscle & nervous tissue in brain & spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| If tissues can't regenerate, what must be done to repair the tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
Connective tissue that replaces damaged tissue in fibrosis does NOT have the same properties as the tissue that is gone |
|
Definition
True
This can have implications for how well the tissue will function |
|
|
Term
| What occurs after tissue is damaged? |
|
Definition
| Inflammatory process begins, capillary permeability increases |
|
|
Term
| What occurs before the area of injury is walled off by clotting proteins? |
|
Definition
| Inflammatory process begins, capillary permeability increases |
|
|
Term
| What occurs after the area of injury is walled off by clotting proteins? |
|
Definition
| Fibroblasts migrate to area; produce granulation tissue |
|
|
Term
| What occurs after the Inflammatory process begins & capillary permeability increases? |
|
Definition
| Area of injury walled off by clotting proteins |
|
|
Term
| What occurs before Fibroblasts migrate to area; produce granulation tissue? |
|
Definition
| Area of injury walled off by clotting proteins |
|
|
Term
| What occurs after Fibroblasts migrate to area; produce granulation tissue? |
|
Definition
| Fibroblasts form collagen fibers that hold wound edges together; basis of scar |
|
|
Term
| What occurs after Fibroblasts form collagen fibers that hold wound edges together; basis of scar? |
|
Definition
| Surface epithelium regenerates |
|
|
Term
| What occurs before the epithelium surface regenerates? |
|
Definition
| Fibroblasts form collagen fibers that hold wound edges together; basis of scar |
|
|
