The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is the _____

A. AV Node

B. AV Bundle

---> C. SA Node

D. Purkinje Fibers

E. None of the above

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart.

---> A. The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts

B. The chordae tendinae are visible in all four chambers

C. The left ventricle is thinner than the right ventricle. 

D. The fibrous pericardium forms the bulk of the heart.

E. The heart chambers are lined by the epimysium

Blood is composed of 

A. White blood cells

B. Red blood cells

C. Platelets

D. Plasma

---> E. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT part of blood?

A. Ions

B. Gases

C. Hormones

D. Wastes

---> E. All of the above are found in blood

A megakaryocyte is gives rise to

A. Platelets

---> B. Leukocytes 

C. Neutrophils 

D. Basophils

E. Eosinophils

Which of the following is a semilunar valve?

A. Bicupsid

---> B. Aorta

C. Bicuspid and Tricuspid

D. Mitral

E. Aortic and Mitral

Normal Heart Sounds are caused by which of the following events?

A. Contraction of the ventricular muscles

---> B. Closure of heart valves

C. Excitation of the SA Node

D. Opening of the heart valves

Autonomic regulation of the heart rate is via:

A. The AV Node

B. The SA Node

C. The cardiac accelerator nerves

D. CV reflex centers found in the pons

---> E. CV reflex centers found in the medulla oblongata

You are in a microsubmarine in the right atrium trying to get to the aorta. Which of the following lists (in the proper sequence) SOME of the structures you would pass?

A. Tricuspid valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve, lungs, aortic arch, right atrium, carotid artery

B. Tricuspid valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve, lungs, aortic arch, right atrium, carotid artery

C. Right ventricle, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, coronary sinus, mitral valve, left ventricle

---> D. Tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve

E. Right ventricle, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, aortic arch, thoracic artery

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle...

A. Lacks striations

B. Has more nuclei per cell

---> C. Has intercalated discs that allow cells to contract in unison

D. Lacks mitochondria

The coronary vessel that empties blood into the right atrium is the:

A. Pulmonary veins

B. Circumflex artery

--> C. Coronary Sinus

D. Aortic Sinus

At the end of a normal life span, erythrocytes are taken up by the...

A. Liver

B. Spleen

C. Macrophages in certain organs

---> D. All of the above are true

One suffering from polycythemia may

---> A. Live in high altitude

B. Have a low hematocrit

C. Have a low lymphocyte count

D. Have a low erythrocyte count

E. None of the above

Basophils are involved in...

A. Allergic reactions

B. Antigen presentation

C. A specific immune response

---> D. Histamine production

E. Antibody production

 The mitral valve is closed:

A. While the atria are contracting

---> B. During ventricular systole

C. During ventricular diastole

D. By the pressure drop in the ventricle at end systole

As compared to plasma, serum

A. Has fibrin

---> B. Lacks fibrinogen

C. Has megakaryocytes 

D. Lacks platelets

E. Has antibodies

Which of the following would be increased if the heart rate decreases and cardiac output (CO) remains constant?

A. End systolic volume (ESV)

B. Blood volume

C. Force of contraction

---> D. Stroke volume (SV)

E. End diastolic volume (EDV)

Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies?

---> A. Capable of being transferred from one person to another effectively

B. produced by T cells

C. Are produced mainly by the thymus until about age 20

D. Produced by the nonspecific response

Which is the correct order for hemostasis?

A. vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation

---> B. Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

C. Coagulation, platelet plug formation, vascular spasm

D. Coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation

E. None of the above

What is a blood clot broken down by?

Plasmin

When is the Hemolytic Disease of Newborns of most concern?

When the mother is Rh-, and if the first fetus was Rh+ and the second is also Rh+.

Which is NOT a nonspecific internal body defense?

---> A. Anti-microbial secretions from the skin

B. Complement

C. Phagocytes

D. Inflammation

E. NK Cells

Which of the following is true of MHC molecules?

A. MHC II molecules assist NK cells.

B. MHC II molecules are present on all body cells except erythrocytes.

C. MHC I molecules are present on erythrocytes only.

D. MHC I molecules recognize foreign antigen.

---> E. None of the above are true

Which of the following waves indicates depolarization of the ventricles?

A. T

B. P

---> C. QRS

D. None of the above, as the above waves indicate mechanical activity

Valves that provide for "one way only" flow are found in the:

A. Veins

B. Lymphatic vessels

C. Heart

D. Veins and heart only

---> E. Veins, lymphatic vessels, and heart

The redness and heat of an inflamed area is CAUSED by:

---> A. Vasodilation

B. Productions of interferons 

C. Phagocyte mobilization

D. Platelet accumulation 

E. More than one, but not all of the above, are true

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of:

A. Arteries

B. Arterioles

---> C. Capillaries

D. Venules

E. Veins 

Which of the following would have the lowest blood pressure?

A. Arteries

B. Arterioles

C. Capillaries

D. Venules

---> E. Veins

Capillary resistance is regulated by the diameter of the

A. Arteries

---> B. Arterioles

C. Capillaries

D. Venules

E. Veins

Which of the following would cause a decrease in blood pressure?

A. Increased contractility

B. Increased plaque formation of artery walls

C. Increased blood volume

D. Increased sodium levels

---> E. None of the above would cause a decrease in blood presssure

Which hormone aids in lowering blood pressure?

A. Aldosterone

---> B. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

C. Antidiuretic Horomone (ADH)

D. Angiotensin II (Ang II)

Blood flow to the skin:

A. Is maintained by a series of valves

B. Is an example of autoregulation

C. Is controlled mainly by pH

D. Increases when the body temperature decreases

---> E. Increases when the body temperature increases

The primary immune response:

A. Occurs after memory cells are stimulated.

B. Is another name for immunological memory.

---> C. Has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells.

D. Occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary immune response.

E. All of these are true of the primary immune response.

Peripheral resistance quickly

A. Decreases when blood viscosity decreases

B. Decreases as blood vessel diameter decreases

C. Increases as blood viscosity increases

---> D. Increases as blood vessel diameter decreases

Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that

---> A. increased filling of the ventricles means increased blood ejection

B. Increased filling of the ventricles means decreased stroke volume

C. Increased stroke volume means more oxygenated blood

D. Increased stroke volume means less oxygenated blood

E. None of the above are related to this law

A. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release

B. Increased sympathetic activity to the heart

---> C. Decreased sympathetic activity to the heart

D. Loss of consciousness

E. Increased blood pressure

Which of the following is associated with active immunity? 

A. Antibody administration via intravenous infusion

B. Passage of antibodies from mother to fetus

---> C. Creation of antibodies from acquiring the disease

D. None of the above

Which of the following is NOT a granulocyte?

A. Basophils

B. Monocytes

C. Eosinophils

D. Erythrocytes 

---> E. More than one above is NOT a granulocyte

The downstream effect of angiotensin is

A. Vasodilation

B. Increased release of sodium

C. Increased release of atrial natriuretic peptide

---> D. Vasoconstriction 

Which of the following is not involved in the SPECIFIC immune response?

A. Macrophages

B. MHC

C. Antibodies

---> D. Inflammation

In the contractile cells of the heart, _____ moves _____ during the depolarization phase.

---> A. Sodium; in

B. Calcium; in 

C. Potassium; out

D. Sodium; out

E. Calcium; out

Reticulocytes

A. Are fragments of erythrocytes

B. Are released into the blood stream due to renin action

C. Are the precursor cell before the mature erythrocyte

---> D. More than one, but not all, of the above are true

The P wave on an EKG represents

---> A. Atrial depolarization

B. Atrial repolarization

C. Atrial contraction

D. Atrial relaxation

The contractile cells of the myocardium

A. Generate their own action potential

B. Are autorhythmic

C. Have a prolonged plateau phase

D. Have a short refractory period

---> E. More than one of the above is true

The plasma protein associated with antibodies is:

A. Erythrocyte

B. Clotting protein

---> C. Globulin

D. Albumin 

E. Bile

Leukocytes that are responsible for (or a key component of) the acquired immune system are:

A. Eosinophils

---> B. Lymphocytes

C. Basophils

D. Neutrophils 

Your mother's blood was determined to be B positive. What does this mean?

---> A. There are no antibodies to B, or to the Rh antigens, in the plasma.

B. B antigens are present in the plasma.

C. She can accept a blood transfusion using AB positive blood.

D. A antigens are present on the erythrocytes.

E. Antibodies to B are present in the plasma.

[image]

Blood vessel #4 is:

Anterior interventricular artery

[image]

Structure # 9 is

Superior Vena Cava

[image]

Structure # 10 is

Right Coronary Artery

[image]

What is vessel #2 called?

Brachiocephalic

[image]

Which vessel would deliver
blood to the left arm?

Vessel #6

[image]

The structure of #14 is

To prevent backflow of blood into the right ventricle

[image]

Structure F is composed mainly of

Cardiomyocytes

[image]

Identify Structure D

Pulmonary Vein

Thoracic Duct

[image]

Identify Structure #25

Foramen Ovale

Vascular Smooth Muscle cells