sagital (or lateral)

frontal (or coronal)

transverse (or cross sectional)

Body planes are imaginary, flat surfaces that divide the body into parts. The three main body planes are?

When a patient stands erect, eyes forward, with arms at the sides and feet and palms directed forward, this is known as which position?

The two principal body cavities are?

The term that denotes and upward orientation is called

The term that denotes downward orientation and means toward the feet is called

The term that means toward the front of the body is

The term that means toward the back of the body is

The term that means toward the midline is

The term that means toward the side is

The term that means away from the center is

proximal

The term that means toward the center is

The term that means within the body is

The term that means toward the body surface is

The term axiallary refers to the

The term gluteal refers to the

The portion of the protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell is called the

The _________ complex packages secretions for export from the cell and produces lysosomes.

The movement of ions from regions of higher to lower concentration is known as

______ is the process by which a substance is forced through a memrane by hydrostatic pressure.

The process of white cells ingesting other substances is ________.

The duplication of chromosomes prior to cell division is termed ____, and the division of cytoplasm to form two cells is termed _____.

Tissues are made up of

Epithelial cells are classified according to their shape as _____ and ________.

Any structure that is differentiated to produce a secretion may be called a (an)

Tissue that consists of bundles or sheets of long, narrow cells arranged in parallel and having the capacity to shorten under appropriate stimulation is called

The muscle found only in the heart is called __________ muscle.

__________ tissue is specialized ot transmit neural impulses.

The skin, its hair, glands, and nails are collectively known as the ________ system.

The tiny openings on the skin surface are called_______.

___________ clands secrete water and some wastes from the skin.

Name the two main layers of the skin:

Hair is found on all skin surfaces of the human body except

Sebaceous glands are also known as ________ glands.

The main purpose of the sweat glands is to regulate

The white, moon-shaped, crescentic area on the actively growing fingernail or toenail is called the ________.

Cells producing pigment granules are made up of a protein called

Sweat glands release _______ water onto the skin surface.

The part of the hair that is visible is called the __________; the part below the skin surface is the __________.

The yellowish pigment in the skin of Asian people is caused by ___________.

The subcutaneous layer contains a variable amount of fat, also called __________ tissue.

The band of epidermis at the base and side of tgeh nail plate is the _________.

A structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue is ______________.

The exposed red portion of the upper or lower lip is the ________ border.

A black pigment formed by melanocytes in the epidermis is known as

a. keratin

b. stratum

c. collagen

d. melanin

The outermost layer of the epidermis is known as the

a. corium

b. stratum corneum

c. sebum

d. epithelium

The oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands is called

a. lipochrome

b. sebum

c. keratin

d. collagen

Each hair grows within a sac called the

a. sebaceous gland

b. stratum corneum

c. hair follicle

d. cuticle

A horny cell is filled with

a. fat

b. fluid

c. collagen

d. keratin

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

a. helps excrete excess water and body wastes

b. actgs as a barrier against unfriendly microorganisms

c. prevents stimulation of nerve endings upon injury

d. produces vitamin D

A hair fiber is composed of

a. albumin

b. keratin

c. collagen

d. epithelium

A toenail that has been removed takes how long to grow back completely?

a. 2-4 months

b. 5-8 months

c. 9-12 months

d. 12 months or longer

The hormone that serves as a chemical messenger from the pituitary gland to the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys is the _______ hormone.

Urine is composed of about 96% _________.

A structure that regulates blood pressure in the kidney is the ________ apparatus.

Each kidney contains more than a million microscopic units which are called _______.

The bladder can hold approximately ____ mL of urine.

The urge to urinate occurs when the bladder reaches approximately ____ mL of urine.

The renal tubules and collecting ducts return most of the filtrate to the blood by a process called ___.

Which of the following structures is a temporary storage sac for urine?

a. bladder

b. ureters

c. kidneys

d. calyx

Which of the following best describes the renal cortex?

a. structure through which urine passes into the minor calices

b. muscular sac that serves as a reservoir for urine

c. central urine collecitng basin in the kidney

d. outer region of the kidney

A ball-shaped collectin of capillaries in the kidney is called a

a. nephron

b. glomeruli

c. calix

d. meatus

A hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate production of red blood cells is

a. antidiuretic hormone

b. erythropoietin

c. follicle-stimulating hormone

d. renin

What substance appears in the urine following the breakdown of hemoglobin?

a. bilirubin

b. blood

c. iron

d. glucose

The hormone that is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidneys, and which raises blood pressure by indirectly narrowing blood vessels is

a. antidiuretic hormone

b. erythropoietin

c. follicle-stimulating hormone

d. renin

The function of the renal vein is

a. filtration

b. to bring blood to the kidneys

c. to carry blood away from the kidneys

d. reabsorption

A waste product of muscle metabolism excreted in the urine is

a. blood urea nitrogen

b. creatinine

c. bilirubin

d. iron

The prepuce is more commonly known as the ____.

___________ glands is another name for the bulbourethral glands.

The sensitive tip of the penis is the _________.

Name the two main components of semen:

The male gonad that produces spermatozoa and male hormones is otherwise known as the

The area between the anus and the scrotum in the male is called the

The narrow tube that carries sperm form the epidiymis into the body and toward the urethra, and which is severed in the fasectomy procedure, is known as the

Spermatogenesis is the ________ of sperm.

The purpose of the prostate gland is to:

a. lubricate the penis

b. support the parenchyma

c. secrete fluid to aid motility of sperm

d. temporarily store sperm cells

The hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics in men is

a. testosterone

b. androgen

c. progestin

d. gonadotropin

The hair-like process on a sperm cell that makes it motile is called

a. fimbria

b. villus

c. cilium

d. flagellum

Which structure serves as a cooling unit for sperm?

a. prostate gland

b. scrotum

c. seminal vesicles

d. epididymis

Which hormone stimulates development of the seminiferous tubules and promotes sperm production?

a. follicle-stimulating hormone

b. androgen

c. testosterone

d. luteinizing hormone 

where are sperm produced?

a. in the seminal vesicles

b. in the prostate gland

c. in the corpus callosum

d. in the seminiferous tubules

How many sperm are present in the normal ejaculate?

a. hundreds

b. thousands

c. hundreds of thousands

d. millions

The _________ serves as a common passageway for air moving from the nose to the trachea and for food moving from the oral cavity to the stomach.

The opening that leads from the mouth and into the oropharynx is called the _________

The two sphincters in the wall of the anal canal that guard the anal opening are called ________

the pancreas is both an ______ and an _______ gland.

The three glands that release saliva are

Millions of microscopic fingerlike _______ line the walls of the small intestine.

the large intestine

blind pouch hanging from first part of colon

throat

cholecystokini

The hormones that stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile is:

a. insulin

b. lipase

c. cholecystokinin

d. maltase

The liver removes excess glucose from the bloodstream, storing it in liver cells as:

a. pepsin

b. fatty acids

c. glycogen

d. triglycerides

The parotid gland is located:

a. near the ear

b. behind the liver

c. under the tongue

d. next to the pancreas

The substance produced by the stomach that is necessary for digestion is:

a. hydrochloric acid

b. dentin

c. amylase

d. chyme

The vermiform appendix

a. digests cellulose in vegetalbes

b. is a vestigial structure

c. stores vital appendicoliths

d. incubatges bacteria that can break down food particles

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

a. absorption of sodium and water

b. incubation of bacteria

c. elimination of wastes

d. storage of iron and other vitamins

What is the function of a sphincter?

a. to close a passage

b. to act as a catalyst

c. to release nutrients

d. to open a valve

Most chemical digestion takes place within the

a. mouth

b. duodenum

c. small bowel

d. large bowel

socket where thigh bone joins pelvis

epiphysis

The temporomandibular joint is the area of connection between:

a. the temporal bone and the mastoid process

b. the temporal bone and mandibular bone

c. the mandible and the maxilla

d. the mandibular bone and the styloid process

What is the best definition for articulation?

a. the place of union between two or more bones

b. the ability to move a joint freely and without pain

c. the junction of tendon and muscle

d. circular movement around a central point

What is the medical term for the place where muscle is attached to stationary bone?

a. insertion

b. origin

c. belly

d. abductor

What is the medical term for muscle that is smooth?

a. tendinous

b. visceral

c. striated

d. fascicular

The medical name for the shoulder blade is:

a. clavicle

b. olecranon

c. sternum

d. scapula

The medical name for the tailbone is

a. coccyx

b. sacrum

c. vertebra

d. lamina

The longest bone in the body is the

a. humerus

b. tibia

c. fibula

d. femur

The lowermost part of the pelvis is called the

a. ilium

b. ileum

c. ischium

d. pelvic girdle

The patella is the

a. ankle bone

b. kneecap

c. wrist bone

d. collar bone

An immovable joint is called a(n)

a. amphiarthrosis

d. diarthrosis

c. ankylosis

d. synarthrosis

How many thoracic vertebrae does the average person have?

a. 7

b. 12

c. 13

d. 15

How many pairs of ribs does the average person have?

a. 8

b. 10

c. 12

d. 15

the axial skeleton consists of the

a. upper and lower extremities, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

b. cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx

c. skull, extremities pelvic girdle, vertebral column

d. skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

A band of fibrous tissue that connects bone or cartilages is a

a. ligament

b. muscle

c. joint

d. tendon

A lamina is a

a. platelike structure

b. bulbous projection

c. depressed area

d. grated surface

Muscles that cannot be controlled voluntarily are known as

a. striated muscles

b. smooth muscles

c. skeletal muscles

d. voluntary muscles

The occipital bone is found in the

a. vertebral column

b. upper extremities

c. skull

d. lower extremities

Which of the following is NOT part of the bony skeleton?

a. dendrite

b. tubercle

c. facet

d. dens

the large muscle of the buttocks is the

a. gastrocnemius

b. adductor longus

c. gracilis

d. gluteus maximus

Which of the following muscles rotates the humerus and moves the arm?

a. quadriceps

b. latissimus dorsi

c. trapezius

d. zygomatic

Metacarpals are found in the ________

Metatarsals are found in the ____________

The _______ is the thigh muscle that exteds the knee.

In the hip, the head of the _________ fits into the ____________.

The ___________ joint connects the shoulder bone and the collar bone.

The joint between the wrist and the forearm is the _____ joint.

A sac-like, fluid-filled cavity situated in places where friction would otherwise develop is known as a ______________.

The supporting ligaments that cross each other in the knee are known as the anterior and posterior ________ ligaments.

The sac surrounding the heart is called the _______

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Left ventricle

List the four chambers of the heart

The largest artery of the body is the __________

The ________ is known as the pacemaker of the heart.

The period of relaxation of the heart is _____

The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during one beat is known as the

The test that traces and displays the electrical potentials of the heart is known as the ______

The alternate expansion and recoil of an artery is the ______________

The smallest blood vessel is a(n)

a. capillary

b. arteriole

c. venule

d. artery

the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood is the

a. capillary

b. venule

c. vein

d. artery

The amount of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute is called the

a. arterial pulse

b. cardiac output

c. ejection fraction

d. stroke volume

The "good" cholesterol is transported by the

a. LDL

b. VDL

c. HDL

d. VLDL

Purkinje fibers are found in the

a. left atrium

b. myocardium of the ventricles

c. endocardium of the atria

d. bundle of His

The valve that is located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart is the

a. pulmonary

b. mitral

c. tricuspid

d. bicuspid

Oxygen is carried to the brain by the

a. carotid arteries

b. pulmonary arteries

c. aortic vein

d. jugular vein

The artery most used by healthcare workers to measure the pulse is the

a. carotid

b. radial

c. ulnar

d. jugular

The smallest branches of the bronchi are called ________.

At least 100 times more __________ is present in expired air than in the environment air we inspire.

The _____ is the membrane that surrounds each lung.

There are (number) ______ divisions of the lungs known as _________

The midline region of the lung where vessels, nerves, lymph tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit is called the

Oxygen enters the bloodstream through the ______of the lung.

Air sacs and small bronchioles together are called the _____________

The muscle separating the chest and abdomen is the ______________

The ________ is the layer of pleura that is closest to the lung tissue.

A space between two ribs is known as a(n) ______

The flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the larynx is the

a. glottis

b. epiglottis

c. voice box

d. vocal cords

The right lung in the average patient has how many lobes?

a. one

b. two

c. three

d. four

Air expelled to equalize the pressure of the lungs is known as what kind of air?

a. apical

b. exhaled

c. bronchial

d. tracheal

The hairlike processes projecting from the free surface of a cell that help keep mucus moving thorugh the respiratory structures are called

a. cilia

b. bronchioles

c. villi

d. alveoli

The normal number of complete respirations per minute is

a. 5 to 7

b. 8 to 10

c. 12 to 20

d. 16 to 25

Inhaled air contains approximately how much oxygen?

a. 3 percent

b. 12 percent

c. 16 percent

d. 21 percent

In the region of the mediastinum the trachea divides into two structures called

a. bronchi

b. lobes

c. branches

d. alveoli

Mucous cells within the lining of lungs prodcue how much mucus daily?

a. one teaspoon

b. one ounce

c. one cup

d. one pint

Which gland fits the definition for both exocrine and endocrine?

a. thyroid

b. adrenal

c. pituitary

d. pancreas

The adrenal glands are located

a. at the base of the skull

b. in the anterior neck

c. behind the stomach

d. on top of the kidneys

Epinephrine and norepinephrine help the body to

a. lower the blood calcium level

b. cope with stress

c. stimulate growth at puberty

d. ripen ova and generate spermatoza

The pituitary gland is located

a. within the sella turcica

b. adjacent to the liver

c. within the islets of Langerhans

d. below the thyroid structure

hormone excreted by adrenal cortex that increase blood sugar

hormone which stimulates the adrenal cortex

hormones produced by adrenal cortex; aldostrone is one

female hormone produced by the ovaries and adrenal cortex

hormone produced by islet cells of pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of starch to glucose

adrenocortical hormone is one of a group of lipids that contain a hydrogenated ring system

substance produced by endocrine gland; acts to modify the structure or function of other organs

tendency of an organism to maintain constant internal environment

mimics the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following are NOT part of the endocrine system?

a. thyroid and parathyroid glands

b. ovaries and testes

c. adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

d. lacrimal and mammary glands

Which gland begins to atrophy and stops functioning in most people by age 30?

a. pineal

b. thymus

c. pituitary

d. suprarenal

How many parathyroid glands do most people have?

a. one

b. two

c. three

d. four

The thryroid cartilage is also called

a. Adam's apple

b. Sandstrom gland

c. the substernal notch

d. the palatine protuberance

organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother

onset of menses

The long fingerlike projections at the distal ends of the fallopina tubes are called

a. flagellum

b. graafian folicles

c. fimbriae

d. cilia

The tissue between the rectum and the vagina is called the rectovaginal

a. fistula

b. septum

c. perineum

d. peritoneum

The placental hormone is called

a. chorionic gonadotropin

b. follicle-stimulating hormone

c. luteinizing hormone

d. prolactic

The hormone responsibe for the development and maintenance of secondary female sex characteristics

a. estrogen

b. progestin

c. progesterone

d. growth hormone

Climacteric usually occurs around ages

a. 12-14

b. 18-21

c. 30-35

d. 48-52

Conception normally occurs

a. in the fallopian tube

b. in the placenta

c. in the uterus

d. in the ovary

Skene glands are located

a. near the cervix

b. around the nipple

c. at the vaginal orifice

d. around the urethra

The purpose of the lactiferous ducts is to

a. facilitate movement of the fertilized ovum

b. enclose each ovum within the ovary

c. carry milk within the breast

d. move sperm through the vaginal canal

How many vessels does the normal umbilical caord contain?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

The subdivions on the uterine surface of the placenta are called

a. cotyledons

b. partitions

c. labyrinths

d. yolk sacs

The main portion of the uteru is called the

a. fundus

b. corpus

c. cervix

d. endometrium

The recesses formed betweent he vaginal wall and cervix are known as

a. glands

b. labia

c. rugae

d. fornices

The part of the follicle that remains behind in the ovary after the ovum ruptures is the

a. fimbriated end

b. zygote

c. graafian follicle

d. corpus luteum

For the first few days after childbirth, the mammary glands produce a fluid called

a. colostrum

b. mother's milk

c. lactate Ringer's

d. meconium

How many sperm does it take to fertilize an ovum?

a. one

b. hundreds

c. thousands

d. millions

Which of the following is NOT a ligament of the female reproductive tract?

a. round

b. cardinal

c. volar

d. broad