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Details Title: A&P Unit one Description: unit one Total Flash Cards: 71 Created: 02/15/2007 19:07:54	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Cell membrane (plasma membrane) Definition outer covering that protects cell Term Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition channels of smooth and rough portions. Rough builds proteins, smooth ER function in synthesis of lipids Term Golgi Apparatus Definition packages secretions Term Mitochondria Definition convert nutrients into energy sources often in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Term Lysosomes Definition contain digestive enzymes Term Peroxisomes Definition similar to lysosomes. Abundant in liver. Breaks down toxins such as alcohol. Term Tissues Definition (group of cells performing similar functions) Term Epithelial Definition lines internal and external body surfaces and protects body. Also can perform Special functions: secretion, absorption, diffusion, filtration. Term Muscle Definition capable of contraction when stimulated. Term Three types of muscle Definition Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal. Term Cardiac Muscle Definition found only in heart. Spontaneous contraction without external Term Smooth Muscle Definition found in intestines and encircles blood vessels. Under control by involuntary or autonomic part of nervous system. Term Skeletal Muscle Definition Most abundant type. Movement due to voluntary control. Term Endocrine system Definition closely related to nervous system. Releases hormones. Term Lymphatic system Definition often considered part of cardiovascular system. Important for Fighting disease, filtration/removal of waste. Term Metabolism Definition storing up and breaking down of biochemical substances to produce energy. Term Exocrine glands Definition Secretes substances like sweat, saliva, mucous and digestive enzymes onto epithelial surfaces via ducts. Term Paracrine Signaling Definition Cells secreting substances that act on other near by cells. Term Autocrine Signaling Definition Cells secrete substances that act upon themselves. Term Endocrine Signaling Definition The secretions of hormones for communication. Term Chemoreceptors Definition responds to chemical stumuli. Term Baroreceptors Definition Responds to pressure change. Ex. Baroreceptors sense change in BP And sends signal to brain to alter heart rate. Term Baroreceptors Definition Responds to pressure change. Ex. Baroreceptors sense change in BP And sends signal to brain to alter heart rate. Term Decompensation Definition when the outputs of effector organs are ineffective in correcting the input condition. Term Negative feedback loops Definition When the output of a system corrects itself. Term Endocrine Signaling Definition Mode of intercellular communication involving hormones Term Paracrine Signaling Definition involves secretions of non-hormonal chemicals that act on near by cells only Term Autocrine Signaling Definition Cell secretes substance that acts upon themselves. Term Synaptic Signaling Definition cells secrete neurotransmitters that signal across synapses. Term Chemoreceptors Definition respond to chemical stimuli. Term Baroreceptors Definition respond to pressure changes Term Inputs Definition Stressors that are sensed by various body systems Term Output Definition Output Term Effector Definition The system that creates an output. Term Negative Feedback Loop Definition When the output of the system corrects the situation. Term Decompensation Definition When the output is not sufficient correcting the input. Term Total Body Water (TBW)- Definition amount of water in the body at any given time. 60% is the average percentage of water weight in humans of all ages. Term Intracellular Fluid Definition all of the fluid found outside the body cells. 75% of body water found here, in the intracellular compartment. Term 2 types of intracellular fluid. Definition 1.Intravascular Fluid- found outside of cells and inside of circulatory system. 2. Intersticial Fluid- All the fluid outside of cells and circulatory system. 2. Term Average TBW in males and Females. Definition Females- 60-65. males 65-70 Term Solvent Definition A substance that dissolves another substance, forming a solution. Term Increased Insensible loss of water Definition loss of water through normal ways. Ex Perspiration, saliva. Term Internal losses of water (Third space) Definition loss of fluid in various compartments of the body. Typically from intravascular compartment to interstitial compartment. Term Plasma Loss Definition losses from burns, surgical drains, and open wounds. Term Electrolytes Definition a substance that when in water separates into electrically charged particles. Term Electrolytes Definition a substance that when in water separates into electrically charged particles. Term Ions Definition charged particle Term Anion Definition negatively charged particle. Term Cation Definition positve charged particle Term Sodium Definition most prevalent cation in the extracellular fluid Term Potassium Definition most prevalent cation in the intracellular fluid Term Calcium Definition plays major role in muscle contraction as well as nerve transmissions. Term Calcium Definition plays major role in muscle contraction as well as nerve transmissions. Term Calcium Definition plays major role in muscle contraction as well as nerve transmissions. Term Bicarbonate (HCO3) Definition principle buffer for the body. Term Buffer- Definition a substance that tends to restore or preserve a neutral acid-base balance. Term Isotonic Definition when solutions on opposite side of a membrane are equal Term Osmotic Gradient- Definition the difference between concentration solutions. Term Diffusion Definition movement of molecules of a substance through a cell membrane from greater Term Osmosis Definition The movement of water to dilute a substance. Water moves toward hypertonic side. Term Active Transport Definition Movement of molecules against osmotic gradient. Requires energy Term Facilitated Diffusion Definition the movement of a substance that requires a helper or carrier protein. Term Osmolality Definition the concentration of solute per kilogram of water Term Osmolarity Definition concentration of solute per liter of water Term Osmotic Pressure Definition the tendency for a hypertonic solution to pull water from hypotonic solution. Term Oncotic Force Definition Osmotic force exerted by particles in blood. Tends to pull water from interstitial space into capillary Term Hydrostatic Pressure Definition pressure exerted against wall of blood vessel that forces some water out of the plasma into the interstitial space in a process called filtration. Term PH Scale Definition (potential of Hydrogen) measure of acidity or alkalinity. Term Acidocsis? Definition A PH below 7.35. Term Alkalosis- Definition PH above 7.45 Term Net filtration Definition total loss of water from blood plasma across the capillary membrane.