Details Title: A&P Test 2 Description: Chapters 2 and 3. Anatomy and Physiology by Stanley Gunstream 3rd Ed. CSPN-Central School of Practical Nursing Total Flash Cards: 48 Created: 10/21/2008 18:01:15		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Medical Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Chemistry Definition The scientific study of substances, especially the interactions of substances. Term Matter Definition Anything that has weight and occupies space. Term Chemical Elements Definition Substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances. Term Atom Definition The smallest unit of an element. Term Proton Definition Positive electrical charge Term Electron Definition Negative electrical charge. Term Neutron Definition No or neutral electrical charge. Term Why is an atom electrically neutral? Definition Because it has the same number of protons as electrons, even though the number of neutrons may vary. Term Atomic Number Definition Indicates the amount of protons and electrons in each atom. Term Isotope Definition An atom of an element having the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons than most atoms of the element. Term Molecule Definition The smallest unit of a compound; composed of two or more atoms chemically combined. Term Chemical Compound Definition A substance formed of two or more elements in a fixed ration. Term Chemical Bond Definition A force of attraction between two atoms. It is not a structure. Term Valence Shell Definition An atoms outermost shell of electrons. Term Ions Definition Atoms with a net electrical charge, either positive or negative. Term Ionic Bond Definition The force or attraction that holds Ions together. Term Cation Definition Positively charged Ion. Term Anion Definition Negatively charged Ion. Term Electrolyte Definition Ionic compound that when dissolved in water tends to dissociate and release ions. Can conduct an electrical current. Term Covalent Bonds Definition Molecules formed by atoms who share electrons. Term Hyrdrogen Bond Definition A weak attractive force between a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom at a different site within the same molecule or in a different molecule. Term Chemical Reaction Definition Bonds between atoms are formed or broken, and the result is a new combination of atoms. Two basic types, synthesis and decomposition. Term Synthesis Definition Simple substances (atoms or molecules) combine to form a more complex substance. Ex: Reactions of hydrogen and oxygen (reactants) to form water (product). Term A + B → AB   The above is a generalization of what? Definition Synthesis Term Decomposition Definition A complex substance is broken down into simpler substances. Ex: Water can become hydrogen and oxygen. Term AB → A + B   The above is a generalization of what? Definition Decomposition Term Inorganic Compound Definition Molecules may contain either hydrogen or carbon, but not both. Term Organic Compound Definition Molecules always contain both carbon and hydrogen, also usually has oxygen. Term The major inorganic compounds of the body are... Definition Water, most acids and bases, and mineral salts. Term _____ serves as a lubricant, reducing friction where internal body parts rub together, and it aids in the movement of food through the digestive tract. Definition Water Term Water Compartments Definition Specific locations in the body where water is found. Term Water Compartment - Intracellular Fluid Definition Water within the cells; about 65% of total body water. Term Water Compartment - Extracellular Fluid Definition All water not in cells; about 35% of total body water. Term Acid Definition Increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution by dissociating to release H+. Term Base Definition Decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution by combining with the H+. Term pH Definition A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. Term The pH scale ranges from __ to __. Definition 0 to 14 Term pH less than 7 is a ____ Definition Acid Term pH more than 7 is a ____ Definition Base Term Buffer Definition A chemical or combination of chemicals that pick up or release H+ to keep the pH balance of a solution rather constant. Term The normal pH of the blood is between ___ and ___ Definition 7.35 and 7.45 Term Acidosis Definition pH of the blood ranges from 7.0 to 7.3. pt feels tires and disoriented Term Alkalosis Definition the pH range of the blood ranges from 7.5 to 7.8. pt feels agitated and dizzy. Term Mineral Salts Definition Ionic compounds that dissociate in aqueous solutions, but do not produce hydrogen or hydroxyl ions. Term The Major Organic Compounds of the body are ______, ______, ______, and ______. Definition Carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Term Adeonsine Triphosphate Definition ATP Term ATP Definition Adenosine triphosphate Term Definition