Details Title: A&P Lecture Test 2 Description: Dr. Adamchack HVCC Total Flash Cards: 154 Created: 04/05/2008 17:12:18		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anatomy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term What is the fuction of the skull? Definition Protect the brain and guard the entrance to the digestive and respiratory tracs Term How many bones form the skull? Definition 22 Term How many bones form the cranium? name them: Definition 8: Occipital, 2 Parietal, Frontal, 2 Temporal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid Term How many factial bones are there? name them: Definition 14: 2 maxillary, 2 palatine, 2 nasal, volmer, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 zygomatic, 2 lactimal, mandible Term What is the function of facial bones? Definition To guard the entrance to the digestive and respiratory tracts Term What is the function of the superficial facial bones? Definition Provide area of muscle attachment that control facial expressions. Term What are the functions of the sinuses? Definition Lighten the bone, Moisten and clean the air, give voice resenence Term Define a suture in relation to the skull. Definition A immovable joint that connects skull bones. Term What are the four major sutures on the skull? Definition Saggital, Lambdoidal, Coronal, Squamosal Term The Occipital bone articulates with? Definition 2 Parietal bones, Temporal bones, Sphenoid bone, Atlas Term What connects the cranium with the spinal cavity? Definition Foramen magnum Term What does the Parietal bone articulate with? Definition One another, Sphenoid, Temporal, Frontal Term What does the Frontal bone articulate with? Definition Parietal bones, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic Term What provides surface area for attachment of the facial muscles? Definition Forehead (Anterior superior portion of the Frontal bone) Term About what age does the frontal sinus apear? Definition Age 6 Term The zygomatic process is on what bone? Definition Temporal Term The Mastoid process is on what bone and what attaches to it? Definition On Temporal bone and the muscles that rotate or extend the head attach to it. Term What is the general function of the Sphenoid bone? Definition Unites the cranial and facial bones, strengthens the sides of the skull Term What does the Sphenoid bone articulate with? Definition Frontal, occipital, Parietal, Ethmoid, Temporal, palatine, zygomatic, maxillary, vomer Term What part of the sphenoid contributes to the posterior wall of the orbit? Definition Greater wing Term What is the purpose of the Optic Foramen? Definition Place where the optic nerve pases to the brain Term That are the general functions of the Ethmoid bone? Definition Forms the roof of the nasal cavity, part of the nasal septim, medial orbital wall Term What does the Ethmoid bone articulate with? Definition Frontal, Sphenoid, Nasal, Lacrimal, Palatine, maxillary, inferior nasal conchae, volmer Term What stabilizes the position of the bran and what bone is it on? Definition Crista Galli on the Ethmoid bone Term What two things form the nasal septum? Definition Perpendicular plate of the Ethmoid bone and the Vomer Term What is the function of the nasal conchae? Definition Break up airflow in the nasal cavity, cause swirls, tubulence and eddies which clean the air, slow the air allwoing warming and humidification, direct air to olfactory cells Term What bone forms the floor of the orbit? Definition Maxillary bone Term What does the maxillary bone articulate with? Definition Frontal, Ethmoid, Palatine, one another, and all the facial bones except the mandible Term What bone forms the hard palet? Definition Palatine bone Term Name the bone that contributes to the lateral portion of the orbits? Definition Zygomatic Term What is the name of the bone and the region of that bone that forms canal that opens into the nasal cavity? Definition Lacrimal bone, nasolacrimal canal Term What are the smallest facial bones? Definition Lacrimal bones. Term What is the only freely movable bone in the skull? Definition Mandible Term What is the function of the mandible? Definition Form the lower jaw and carry teeth Term What does the mandibular condyle artiulate with, and what is this joint called? Definition Temporal bone, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Term What bone suports the larynx? Definition Hyoid Bone Term Where are the Malleus and Incus bones located? Definition Middle ear Term What seperates the external auditory canal from the middle ear? Definition Tympanic membrane Term What bones form the orbit? Definition Frontal, Zygomatic, Maxilla, Palatine, Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid Term What are the three parts of the Os Coxa? Definition Ilium, Ischium, Pubis Term How many Carpals are there and how many Tarsals? Definition 8 and 7 respectfully Term What are the general functions of the integumentary system? Definition protection from foreign material, keep H2O in the body, temp control, blood reservoir, Vit D prod, detection of stimuli Term Name the five layers of the epidermis in order from deep to superficial Definition Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum corneium Term What are the two types of hair? Definition Terminal hair, velus hair Term Define a folicle: Definition tunnel that hair grows in. Term What are the three layers of hair? Definition Cuticle, Cortex, Core Term What part of a hair is above the dermis? Definition Shaft Term The sebaceous gland does what? Definition secretes sebum into the hair follicle Term What are the two types of sweat glands? Definition Merocrine and Apocrine Term Merocrine sweat glands secrete thier product where? Definition directly to the surface (pores) Term What type of sweat gland is only found in the genital and axillary regions? Definition Apocrine Term What kind of gland produces cerumin and where is in located? Definition Ceruminous gland in ear Term Name a gland in the skin that is an endocrine apocrine gland? Definition Mammary gland (secretes interstitially and excretes part of the cell with the product) Term A blueish gray coloring of the skin is called? Definition Cyanosis Term What are the two layers of the dermis? Definition Papillary and reticular Term What kind of connective tissue is the hypodermis made of? Definition areolar tissue Term What kind of cancer is curred (99%) by surgical excision? Definition Basal Cell Carcinoma Term What type of cancer is located in the stratum spinosum? Definition Squamous cell carcinoma Term If a person was burned on both sides of both legs, what would be the percentage of their body burned? Definition 36% Term What are the functions of the skeletal system? Definition Support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production Term A perichondrium is what? Definition 2 layer membrane that surounds cartilage. Term What are the five classifications of bones? Definition long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones Term What classification of bone would a carpel be in? Definition short bones Term What classification would the patella be in? Definition sesamoid bone Term The shaft part of a bone is called the? Definition Diaphysis Term The hollow cavity in the diaphysis of the bone is called? Definition medullary cavity Term What is the functional unit of compact bone? Definition Osteon Term What is the concentric layer of bone around the outer area of compact bone called? Definition Cercumferential lamellae Term In intramembranous ossifiation, the model is what kind of tissue? Definition Dense irregular connective tissue Term What bones are created by intramembranous ossification? Definition Skull bones and Clavicals Term Endochondral ossification uses what as a model? Definition Hyaline cartilage Term What type of a membrane is required to produce compact bone? Definition Periosteium Term What happens to the chondroblasts in the hyaline cartilage when it begins to be transformed into bone by osteoblasts? Definition They die(90%) Term What are the functional units of spungy bone? Definition Trabeculae Term What is the white halfmoon on the proximal part of the fingernail called? Definition laluna Term What is the cartilage layer between the diaphysys and the epiphysis called? Definition ephyseal plate Term What is the bone process of changing the thickness or shape of a bone called? Definition Remodeling Term Remodeling responds to? (name 4) Definition growth, stress, calcium need, fracture Term Why would the traveculae grow int he line of stress? Definition To optimize strength Term What is the most common bone pathology? Definition Fracture Term Why do fractures heal well? Definition Bone is very vascular Term What is the initial model for ossification after a fracture? Definition Fracture hematoma Term Why is a healed fracture stronger then the original bone? Definition because of the fibrous nature of fibrocartilage Term Name the 5 types of vertebrae and state the number of each: Definition Cervical (7), Throracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (1 -fused set of 5), Coccyx (1 - fused set of 4) Term The curve in the cervical spine is a primary or secondary curve? Definition Secondary Term A lateral curve of the spine is called a ______________ curve. Definition scoliotic Term Anulus Vibrosis is normally found where in the human body? Definition between the vertebrae Term The thick jell in the intervertebral disks is called? Definition nucleous pulposus Term Where are the common places for intervertebral disks to herniate? Definition L4-L5, L5-S1 and C5-C6 Term What are the two ways joints are classified? Definition Structure and Function Term What are the three categories of joint structure? Definition Fibrous, Cartegenous, Snyovial Term What are the functional classifications of joints? Definition Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, and Diarthrosis Term The manubrioclavical joint is an example of what kind of joint? Definition Gliding Term Name the three joint types that are biaxial? Definition Gliding, Ellipsoidal, Saddle Term Name two multiaxial joints in the body? Definition Hip and Shoulder Term If I move my arm from hanging straight down to straight out to the side this would be what type of movement? Definition Abduction Term The motion of the foot that elevates the toes and sole is called? Definition Dorsiflection Term Motion of the thumb touching another digita is? Definition Opposition Term Spreading all the fingers of your hand is what motion? Definition Abduction Term Side bending of the vertebral column at the cervical or lumbar region is called: Definition Lateral Flection Term The first 7 pairs of ribs that articulate directly with the sternum are called the ________________ ribs. Definition Verterosternal Term Rib pairs 8,9 and 10 are called _______________________ ribs. Definition vertebrochondral Term Rib pairs 11 and 12 articulate with what anteriorly? Definition Nothing Term What do the ribs articulate with posteriorly? Definition Thoracic vertebrae Term Rib pairs 11 and 12 are called ______________________ ribs. Definition vertebral Term Name the four unique vertebrae. Definition Atlas, Axis, Sacram, Coccyx Term What is the funcitonal category of synovial joints? Definition Diarthrotic Term What are the functions of synovial fluid? Definition Lubricates the joint, absorbs shock, provides nutrients to articular cartilage Term A fluid filled pocket created by synovial membranes in or near joints are called? Definition Bursae Term What are the functions of bursae? Definition Reduce friction Term A tendon sheath is a continuation of what? Definition Bursae Term Where would you find a Gomphosis joint? Definition Mouth (teeth) Term Name two bones that articulate together with a syndesmosis fibrous joint? Definition radial-ulnar or distal tibio-fibular Term An epiphyseal plate is an example of what type of fibrous amphiathrotic joint? Definition synchodrosis Term The disks between the vertebrae is what type of joint and what is it made of? Definition symphysis, fibrocartilage. Term All bones with synovial joints have what type of cartilage at thier ends? Definition articular (hyaline) cartilage Term The outer fibrous portion of a synovial joint is continous with what? Definition The periosteum of the bone. Term What are the fibers called that hold the periosteum to the bone? Definition Sharky's fibers Term How much joint space is in a gomphosis? Definition none Term Which fibrous joint types have joint space? Definition None Term Give an example of a monoaxial joint in the body? Definition Elbow or knee Term What type of tissue holds sutures together? Definition Dense fibrous connective tissue Term What is the functional category of a suture joint? Definition Synarthrotic Term What type of fibrous joint is the tibiofibular joint? Definition Syndesmosis Term What is the functional category of the tibiofibular joint? Definition Amphiarthotic Term How much movement is in a Synarthrotic Joint? Definition None Term How much movement is in a Amphiarthotic joint? Definition little movement Term HOw much movement is in a Diarthrotic joint? Definition Freely movable Term What holds a synchondrosis joint together and give an example. Definition Hyaline cartilage, epiphyseal plate (growth plate) Term What is the functional classification of all cartelagenous joints? Definition Amphiarthrotic Term What are the six types of synoial joints? Definition Gliding, Hinge, Pivot, elipsoidal, Saddle, and Ball&Socket Term What is the type of motion when you move the scapulae in the superior direction? Definition elivation Term When you move the proximal radioulner joint to allow the palm to face posterior with the elbow fixed, this is? Definition Pronation Term Place the following joints in order from best to worse: Shoulder, elbow, knee, hip, ankle. Definition Hip, elbow, knee, shoulder, ankle Term How are joints classified? Definition By structure and function Term What holds bones together in a syndesmosis fibrous joint? Definition ligament Term What type of tissue holds bones to bones? Definition ligaments Term What type of tissue holds muscle to bone? Definition tendon Term What bones in the skull contain sinuses? Definition Frontal, Maxilla, Ethmoid, Sphenoid Term What is the general function of the occipital? Definition Forms much of the posterior and inferior surface of the cranium Term What is the site of articulation between the skull and the first cervical vertebrae? Definition occipital condyles Term What landmark on a skull bone stabilizes the position of the brain, and what bone is it on? Definition Crista galli, ethmoid. Term The mandible articulates with the _________________. Definition Temporal bone Term What are the functions of the sinuses? Definition Lighten the bones, provide extensive area of mucuos epitherlium, and provide a resinence chamber for the voice. Term What are three types of skin cancer? Definition Basale Carcinoma, Squamous Carcinoma, Melanoma. Term What type of skin cancer grows rapidly and will metastasize if not removed. Definition Squamous skin cancer Term What is the most common form of skin cancer? Definition Basale Cell carcinoma Term What is the portion of the stratus corneum under the free edge of the nail? Definition Hypochium Term In what part of the skin is the fingernail made? Definition Stratum basale Term How does hyaline cartilage grow? Definition Appositionally Term Where is the primary ossification point durring bone growth in a long bone? Definition Diaphysis Term What part of the long bone has spungy bone throughout? Definition Epiphysis Term What is the function of spine curvature? Definition Help align the central body over a point axis Term What happens if there is not weight bearing on our bones? Definition They will stop growing