Details Title: A&P II: Endocrine System Description: Based on information from the Pearson Textbook. Marieb & Hoehn. Used for Professor Kleinelp anatomy class. Total Flash Cards: 60 Created: 02/11/2009 21:08:02		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anatomy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term The anterior pituitary gland produces how many well-understood hormones? Definition Six. Term The anterior pituitary gland is composed of: A) Glandular Tissue B) Neural Tissue Definition Glandular Tissue Term The posterior pituitary gland is composed of: A) Glandular Tissue B) Neural Tissue Definition Neural Tissue Term The posterior lobe of the pit. gland releases how many hormones? Definition 2. Term The post. lobe of the pit. gland releases hormones produced by neurons in the ______. Definition Hypothalamus. Term The peptide hormones of the anterior pituitary are? Definition TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) LH (lutenizing hormones - the gonadotropins) (ACTH) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone or corticotropin Growth Hormone Prolactin Term TSH stimulates secretion of what hormone by which gland? Definition Thyroid; thyroid gland. Term What does FSH do in females? Definition Stimulates maturation of the ovarian follicle in women and production of ESTROGEN. Term LH does what in females? Definition Triggers ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and PROGESTERONE Term What does FSH do in males? Definition Stimulates sperm production. Term LH does what in males? Definition Stimulates production of testosterone. Term ACTH stimulates the secretion of what? Definition Glucorticoids and other hormones of the adrenal cortex. Term Growth hormone is responsible for what? Definition Stimulates growth and energy metabolism. Most growth effects of GH require intermediary proteins called somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Term PRL (Prolactin) does what? Definition Stimulates lactation in females. Term The pineal gland produces _____? Definition Melatonin, an amine hormone. Term Melatonin does what? Definition Studies suggest it coordinates body activities with light-dark cycles. Term Thyroid gland produces what two hormones? Definition Thyroid hormone (TH) and Calcitonin. Term Follicular cells in the THYROID produce ______ Definition Thyroid hormone, an amine. Term Parafollicular cells in the thyroid produce ______. Definition Calcitonin, a peptide. Term Thyroglobulin is _________ Definition Fills the large follicles in the thyroid gland. Makes up TH. Term Thyroid hormone amplifies the activity of the ___________ Definition Sympathetic nervous system. Term Calcitonin inhibits the activity of _______. Definition Osteoclasts Term C cells produce ______. Definition Calcitonin Term Parathyroid glands produce ________. Definition Peptide Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Term PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)acts on the kidney to _____________. Definition Increase reabsorption of calcium. Term PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)increases ________ of bone, thereby making blood calcium levels __________ (increase/decrease)? Definition Resorption; Increase Term PTH promotes final conversion of _________ to its active form. Definition Vitamin D Term The active form of Vitamin D is _______ Definition Steroid hormone calcitriol. Increases uptake of calcium from the intestine. Term The thymus produces ________. Definition Thymosin and thymopoietin, peptide hormones. Term Thymic hormones appear to regulate __________. Definition T-Cell development. Term The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the _________. The inner layer is the _________. Definition Adrenal cortex; adrenal medulla. Term Adrenal cortex secretes 3 families of hormones. They are: Definition Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Term Mineralocorticoids regulate... Definition Salt balance. Term The most important mineralocorticoids is _________. Definition Aldosterone. Term The most important mineralocorticoids is ______. Definition Aldosterone. Term The zona glomerulosa produces ________. Definition Mineralocorticoids Term The zona fasciculata and zona reticularis produce __________ and _______. Definition Glucocorticoids. Includes cortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone. Androgens (male sex hormones), includes androstenedione and testosterone. Term Cortisol Definition Regulates energy metabolism, regulates immune system, facilitates the stress response. Term The adrenal medulla produces _________. Definition Catecholamines. Term The family of Catecholamines are made up of which two main hormones? Definition Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrine (NE) Term Catecholamines are important during what? Definition Fight or flight response. Term The pancreas has both _____ and _____ functions. Definition Endocrine; exocrine. The exocrine secretions are digestive juices. Term Acinar cells produce _________. Definition Digestive juices. Term Pancreatic islets are composed of what two cells? Definition Beta cells and alpha cells. Term Beta cells secrete ____. Alpha cells secrete _____. Definition Insulin; Glucagon. Term Somatostatin is produced by ______ and its function is ___________. Definition Rare cells among the pancreatic islets; not well understood. Term Insulin promotes ______ in the _____, ____, and ________. Definition Insulin promotes storage of organic tissue in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Term Insulin ________ (increases/decreases) uptake of ______ in tissues. Definition Increases; glucose. Term Insulin promotes _____ synthesis in liver and muscle and _______ synthesis in liver and adipose tissue. Definition Glycogen; triglyceride Term The end result of insulin secretion is _______ (increased/decreased) levels of ________. Definition Decreased; blood-glucose. Term Glucagon stimulates ________. Definition Breakdown of glycogen. Term Glucagon stimulates synthesis of _________. Definition Glucose and ketones. Term Ovaries produce ________. Steroids are ______. Peptide is ________. Definition Female sex hormones; Estrogen and progesterone; Inhibin Term Estrogen and inhibin are produced first by ______ then by the ________. Definition Granulosa cells; corpus luteum. Term Estrogen and progesterone regulate _____. Definition Ovarian function, cyclic changes in uterine lining, and breast development during puberty. Term Testes produce ________. Definition Male sex hormone. Term Male sex hormone includes the steroid ______ and the peptide _____. Definition Testosterone; inhibin. Term Testosterone is produced by ______ and inhibin is produced by the _______. Definition Interstitial cells; sustentacular cells. Term Inhibin supresses secretion of ____. Definition FSH Term Source, Target Organ, Effects Growth Hormone Definition Anterior Pituitary