Details Title: A & P Chp 2 Description: Chemistry Review Total Flash Cards: 50 Created: 08/21/2008 15:12:50		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anatomy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term homeostasis Definition body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions Term 3 Patterns of Chemical Reactions Definition combination A + B = AB decomposition AB = A + B exchange AB + C = AC + B Term compound Definition two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together Term mixture Definition two or more ingredients physically mixed but not chemically bonded Term molecule Definition two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds Term homeostatic control system Definition receptor monitors environment control center decides action effector applies control center's response Term anion Definition ion that has gained electron(s) Term negative feedback mechanism Definition depresses stimulus example - shivering to raise body temperature, sweating to lower body temperature Term exergonic reaction Definition releases energy Term endergonic reaction Definition growth in energy Term To compute molarity or moles per liter Definition find number of atoms in element, multiply that number by atomic weight from periodic table, fill a 1 liter container with that amount of element and water needed to make 1 liter fill line Term chemical level or organization Definition atoms combine into molecules molecules combine into organelles organelles combine into cells Term cation Definition ion that has lost electron(s) Term metabolism Definition chemical reactions ocurring within body cells, regulated by endocrine system Term catabolism Definition breaking down substances into simpler form Term anabolism Definition changing simple nutrients into complex Term covalent bond Definition strong bond formed by sharing electrons Term factors influencing rate of chemical reactions Definition C-CEPT C-concentration C-catalysts E-enzymes P-particle size T-temperature Term components of solution Definition solvent - greater portion solute - lesser portion Term solution Definition homogenous mixture of components Term homogenous Definition sample taken from any part of the substance matches a sample taken from any other part Term suspension Definition heterogenous mixture, particles will settle, example sand and water Term heterogenous Definition a sample taken from one portion of a substance can vary in makeup from a sample taken from another portion of that substance Term 3 parts to atom Definition neutron - no charge, 1 a.m.u proton - positive charge, 1 a.m.u. electron - negative charge, zero a.m.u Term a.m.u Definition atomic mass unit Term Lesser elements in human body Definition CAPKS - calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur NACL - sodium, chlorine MgIFe-magnesium, iodine, iron Term hydrogen bond Definition weak bond, responsible for surface tension of water Term major elements in body Definition OxyCarbHyNi oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen Term isotope Definition different forms of the same atom, differentiated by number of neutrons Term 4 forms of energy Definition chemical-stored in chemical bonds electrical-movement of charged particles mechanical-movement of matter radiant-energy that travels in waves Term ATP Definition molecules that power cellular activity Term 3 states of matter Definition solid-definite shape and volume liquid-definite volume, changeable shape gas-changeable volume and shape Term chemical bonds Definition bonds form using electrons in the outer (valence) shell of the atom Term To identify atoms Definition atomic number=number of protons  mass number=total of protons and neutrons atomic weight=average of mass numbers of all isotopes of that element Term positive feedback mechanism Definition accelerates or intensifies a stimulus example oxytocin intensifies labor contractions Term colloid or emulsion Definition heterogenous mixture, does not settle. May change form from a fluid to a gel and vice versa. Term Octet Rule Definition Atoms react in a manner to maintain 8 electrons in the valence shell Term ionic bond Definition formed by transfer of electrons rather than sharing of electrons Term properties of water Definition high heat capacity, high heat at vaporization, polar solvent properties, reactivity, cushioning Term polar solvent properties Definition dissolves ionic substances form hydration layers around large charged molecules serve as body's transport medium Term salts Definition inorganic electrolytes - conduct electrical currents Term ph scale Definition acid ph 0-6.99 base ph 7.01-14 neutral ph 7.0 Term acidic solutions release hydrogen Definition have lower ph Term alkaline (base) solutions release oxygen and hydrogen Definition have higher ph Term buffers Definition systems that resist large abrupt swings in ph of body fluids Term organic compounds Definition CLPN carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids Term lipids Definition fats and fatty acids, contain carbon, hydrogena and oxygen Term carbohydrates Definition sugars supply cellular food simple sugars are glucose, fructose, ribose double sugars (sucrose) polysaccharides-chains of simple sugars (glycogen, starch) Term 6 kinds of lipids Definition triglycerides-subcutaneous tissue and around organs phospholipids-cell membranes steroids-cholesterol, bile salts, vit D, sex or adrenal hormones eicosanoids-prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes fat soluble vitamins-A, K, E, D lipoproteins-transport fatty acids and cholesterol in blood stream Term structural levels of protein Definition primary-amino acid sequence secondary-alpha helices or beta pleated sheets tertiary-folding of secondary structures quaternary-polypeptide chains