Details Title: A&P 2 - CH17 Blood Description: Chapter 17 Total Flash Cards: 86 Created: 09/03/2008 11:37:10		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anatomy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Thrombin is made up of: Definition Prothrobinase and Prothrombin Term Fibrin is made up of: Definition Thrombin and Fibrogen Term List an Anticoaglulant: Definition Asprin, Cumidin, Heparin Term What is a thromboembolytic disease? Definition A condition that causes undesireable clot formation. (clot too much) Term What is an example of a thromboembolytic disease? Definition Thrombus Term What are the the three main functions of blood? Definition Transportation, Regulation, Protection Term Name three things the blood transports. Definition Gasses, neutrients, waste products, hormones Term Name three things the blood regulates. Definition Temperature, Ph, electrolyte balance, fluid volume Term Name two Protective measures of blood. Definition Clotting, prevention of infection (WBCs) Term What is the normal percentages of plasma to formed elements? Definition 55% plasma, 45% formed elements Term A hematicrit test is a test for? Definition Percentage of formed elements in blood. Term What is the percentage of water in plasma? Definition 92% Term Name the four main plasma protiens(solutes)of plasma. Definition Albunims, Globulins, Enzymes, Fibrogens Term What are the three classes of Globulins and which one is not made in the liver? Definition Alpha, Beta & Gamma. Gamma not made in liver Term Why are transport protiens needed to tranport small particles (lipids)? Definition Without the attached protiens they would be filtered out by the kidney Term What produces Gamma Globulins? Definition Plasma cells Term What Plasma protien helps regulate osmotic presure? Definition Albunims Term What percentage of the plasma is made up of plasma protiens? Definition 7% Term What plasma protien is responsible for clotting? Definition Fibrinogens Term Serum differs from Plasma because Serum is missing - Definition Clotting protiens (Fibrogens) Term What type of stem cell is the origin of blood formed elements? Definition Hemocytoblasts Term What type of stem cell becomes a RBC? Definition Erythroblast to Erythrocyte(RBC) Term What type of stem cell becomes a lymphocyte? Definition Lymphoid stem cell. Term Hemopoiesis is? Definition Formation of all blood formed elements Term Whatis the formation of platelets called? Definition Thrombopoises Term What is the formation of WBCs called? Definition Leukopoiesis Term What type of blood cells far outnumber all other blood cells? Definition RBCs Term On average, how many RBCs are in 1 cubic mm? Definition 5 million Term What is the average lifespan of a RBC? Definition 120 days Term The shape and diameter of a RBC is? Definition Bi-concave disk, 7.5 micro meters wide Term What are the advantage of the RBC shape? Definition More surface area and flexibility Term What cell elements do RBCs lack? Definition Nucleus, ribosomes, mytocondria Term What type of ATP production occurs in a RBC? Definition anerobic Term Hemoglobin comprimises what percentage of RBC? Definition 95% Term What is the protien structure of a hemoglobin? Definition Quadrinary structure, 2 alpha, 2 Beta Term What is a heme group? Definition Nitrogen containing pigment that holds an iron ion Term What food contains B12? Definition Meat, eggs, and dairy products Term What happens after the first oxygen bonds to the iron in the heme? Definition The molecule changes shape to make it easyer for other oxygens to attach Term Where is CO2 carried in the hemoglobin and what is it then called? Definition Globin, Carbamino Hgb (20% carried this way) Term What percentage of RBCs hemalize at the end of thier life? Definition 10% Term What happens to 90% of RBCs at the end of thier life? Definition They are phagosized by macrophages Term What part of the RBC is broken down into amino acids? Definition Globin Term What protien is the iron ion bound to after it is pulled out of the heme? Definition Transferrin. Term What is iron stored as in the liver? Definition Ferritin and Hemosiderin Term When RBCs are broken down, what is the cycle of nitrogen waste products? Definition Biliverdin, then unconjugated bilirubin, then conjigated bilirubin Term Where is unconjigated bilirubin turned into congigated bilirubin? Definition In the Liver Term Where does the majority of congigated bilirubin leave our body? Definition Through the small and then large intestine. Term What causes Jaundice? Definition High about of uncongigated bilirubin in the bloodstream Term What does the kidney do when it detects less oxygen in the blood? Definition It makes EPO Term What does EPO do? Definition If causes an increase in rate of RBC mytosis and rate of maturation Term How long does it take for a RBC to get into the bloodstream? Definition 5-7 days Term Define Anemia Definition A decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Term An immature blood cell in the bloodstream is called a? Definition Reticulocyte Term Name 3 ways the blood's oxygen carrying capacity can be effected? Definition Decrease in # RBCs, Something wrong with hemoglobin, Genetic pre-disposition Term Name the two ways anemia can occur ? Definition Decreased number of RBCs, Something wrong with the hemoglovin. Term What can cause aplastic anemia? Definition Destruction of bone marrow Term What is needed to absorb B12? Definition Intrinsic Factor Term If there is not enough B12 then the cells won't divide, this is what type of anemia? Definition percicious Term Name two types of genetic anemias. Definition Thallasimia, and Cycle Cell Term What region of the world is predisposed for Thallasimia? Definition Mediterrnian Term What causes Cycle cell anemia? Definition 1 pair of amino acids are reversed Term What is a condition of too many RBCs called? Definition Polycythemia Term What can cause polycythemia? Definition Something wrong with bone marrow, blood doping, injection of EPO Term What are bad side effects of polycythemia? Definition Increase in BP, Blood thickens Term What types of WBCs are granulocytes? Definition Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils Term What type of WBCs are agranulocytes? Definition Monocytes, Lymphocytes Term On average, how many WBCs are in 1 cubic mm? Definition 7,500 Term Name three things common to all WBCs? Definition Diapedesis (can crawl out of vessels using amoebiod motion), Positive chemotaxis, Cell division Term What is the lifespan of WBCs? Definition few hours to years Term What WBCs can do phagocytosis? Definition Neutrofils, eosiniphils, monocytes. Term Put the 5 WBCs in order from most previlant to least. Definition Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosiniphils, Basophils Term Name a dissorder of WBCs? Definition Leukemia. Term If a test revieled a 11,000 + WBC count, what would you suspect? Definition Leukemia Term What is Leukopeoisis regulated by? Definition Hormone called cytokines (Colony stimulating factor) Term What could be used to treat a cancer patient who has a low RBC and WBC? Definition CSF and EPO Term Name two iron Hemoglobin caused anemias. Definition Iron Deficency anemia and Pernicious anemia Term Cancer, radiation, bacteria or toxins can cause what type of anemia? Definition Aplastic anemia Term Hemolytic anemia can be caused by what three things? Definition Transfusions, Bacteria and parasites Term Blood loss can lead to ______________ anemia. Definition Hemorrhagic Anemia Term Myloid stem cells become Red and White blood cells except for __________. Definition lymphocytes Term What basic products are needed to produce RBCs? Definition Amino Acids, Iron, B12, B6 Term What type of WBCs can live for decades? Definition Lymphocytes Term Specific immunity is given by ________________ WBCs. Definition Lymphocytes Term Platelet formation is called? Definition Thrombopoeisis Term _________________ stem cells become Lymphocytes? Definition Lymphoid. Term Name three types of Anemia caused by a decreased number of RBCs Definition hemorragic, hemolytic, aplastic