Details Title: A&D 2010: Mycology Description: Both lectures Total Flash Cards: 90 Created: 01/31/2007 05:11:05		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Medical Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Only type of fungal infection that can be spread from person to person Definition Dermatophytic/superficial Term What type of conidia does Sporothrix schenckii have? Definition Microconidia Term How do you treat Sporothrix schenckii? Definition Daily potassium iodide; for relapsed and pulmonary cases, use amphotericin B Term Systemic mycoses usually involve what organ system(s)? Definition GI and respiratory systems Term Does aflatoxin cause an allergic reaction? Definition No Term One of only a few fungi that has a toxin; this fungus' toxin intercalates into DNA Definition Aspergillus (toxin is aflatoxin) Term Can Aspergillus cause disease in all three ways that fungi can cause disease? Definition Yes Term Fungus associated with Farmer's lung Definition Aspergillus Term Etiological agent of aspergillosis Definition A. flavus Term Signs and symptoms of aspergillosis Definition * Rash * Cough * Respiratory distress Term Growth pattern of Aspergillus flavus Definition Filamentous (form hyphae) Term Is Aspergillus a primary or opportunistic pathogen? Definition Both Term What type of conidia do Aspergillus species have? Definition Microconidia Term Most common mold in US Definition Aspergillus Term Mass of fungus growing in the lung may be Definition Aspergilloma Term Describe an aspergilloma Definition * Fungus ball * Non-invasive * Encapsulated * Hyphal mass Term Prognosis of aspergilloma Definition Systemic and invasive pulmonary asspergilosis are generally lethal Term Cause of aspergilloma Definition Inhalation of Aspergillus microconidia Term Diagnostic feature of blastomycosis Definition Broad-based bud under microscope Term Treatment of blastomycosis Definition Amphotericin B Term Growth mode of Blastomyces dermatitidis Definition Dimorphic with broad-based yeast Term How does Blastomyces dermatitidis enter the body? Definition Inhalation of fungal spores in dust Term Where is Blastomyces dermatitidis found in the environment? Definition Soil Term Most common fungal pathogen Definition Candida albicans Term Common complications of blastomycosis Definition Dissemination to skin and GU tract Term Disorder associated with painless lesions on face and upper body or purulent lesions on various organs Definition Blastomycosis Term Fungal disorder requiring treatment even in healthy individuals Definition Blastomycosis Term Most antifungals have been developed to treat what fungus? Definition Candida albicans Term Mucocutaneous signs of C. albicans Definition * Esophagitis, thrush * Vulvovaginitis Term Fungal infection associated with curdlike discharge, burning, itches, and painful sexual intercourse Definition Candidiasis Term 4th most prevalent bloodstream infection Definition Candidiasis Term Fungal infection associated with valley fever Definition Coccidioidomycosis Term Fungal infection responsible for coin lesion in lung Definition Coccidioidomycosis Term Cutaneous signs of candidiasis Definition * Onychia * Diaper rash Term Thush and vulvovaginitis is suggestive of infection by what fungus? Definition C. albicans Term UTIs, endocarditis, and meningitis are complications associated with immunocompromised individuals with what infection? Definition Candidiasis Term Growth mode of Candida albicans Definition Polymorphic with bud-to-hyphal transition required for virulence Term Mortality of systemic candidiasis Definition 35-40% Term Treatment of candidiasis Definition * Amphotericin B * Fluconazoles Term Is C. albicans part of the normal microbiota? Definition Yes Term Second most common infection of AIDS patients Definition Cryptococcosis Term Fungus associated with bird, especially pigeon, droppings Definition Cryptococcus Term Budding yeast associated with pigeon droppings Definition Cryptococcus Term Fungal infection associated with valley fever in US and Mexico Definition Coccidioidomycosis Term Function of polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus Definition Anti-phagocytic (just like bacterial capsules) Term Fungal infection associated with meningitis Definition Coccidioidomycosis Term Conditions that coccidioidomycosis resembles Definition * Pneumonia * Tuberculosis Term Two fungal organisms that evade immune system best Definition * Cryptococcus * Histoplasma Term Growth pattern of Histoplasma Definition Dimorphic yeast Term Etiological agent of coccidioidomycosis Definition C. immitis Term Growth pattern of Coccidioides Definition Dimorphic; found as hyphae in soil Term Conidia associated with coccidioidomycosis Definition Arthroconidia Term Spherules are diagnostic of what type of fungal infection? Definition Coccidioidomycosis Term Treatment of coccidioidomycosis Definition Amphotericin B Term What fungal infection is most commonly associated with AIDS patients? Definition Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) Term Etiological agent of Pneumocystis pneumonia Definition P. jiroveci (previously P. carinii) Term What fungus associated with opportunistic infection in AIDS patients cannot be grown in culture? Definition P. jiroveci Term Treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia Definition Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole Term What's unique about the treatment of P. jiroveci infections? Definition They target fungal metabolism, whereas most antifungals target the synthesis of structures unique to fungi Term Produces symptoms of bacterial meningitis Definition Cryptococcus Term Second most common infection after C. albicans, especially common in people exposed to bird droppings Definition Cryptococcosis Term Fungal infection producing primary lung lesions that are generally asymptomatic and self-limiting Definition Cryptococcosis Term Disseminated form of this fungal infection primarily reaches CNS and causes meningitis, but also reaches bone and skin Definition Cryptococcosis Term Growth pattern of Cryptococcus Definition Budding yeast Term This fungus grows as a budding yeast, has an antiphagocytic capsule, and can cause meningitis in AIDS patients Definition Cryptococcus Term Treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis Definition Amphotericin B and 5-flurocytosine for life Term What is the portal of entry of Cryptococcus fungi? Definition Inhalation of spores or dried yeast cells from bird droppings Term Fungal infection endemic to eastern US but also found in parts of Africa and Central/South America Definition Histoplasmosis Term This type of infection generally is asymptomatic, but some develop dry cough with blood-tinged sputum and skin lesions Definition Histoplasmosis Term Etiological agent of histoplamosis Definition H. capsulatum Term Growth pattern of H. capsulatum Definition Dimorphic yeast Term This fungus gains entry through inhalation of its conidia from bird or bat droppings Definition Histoplasma Term This fungus' conidia are engulfed by macrophages and grow intracellularly Definition Histplasma Term Treatment for histoplasmosis Definition Amphotericin B Term This fungal infection is associated with difficulty breathing, mild anemia, hypoxia, and fever Definition Pneumocystis pneumonia Term Portal of entry of Pneumocystis Definition Inhalation of droplets containing fungus Term Infection with this fungal species is diagnostic for AIDS Definition Pneumocystis jiroveci Term Treatment of PCP Definition Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Term Medical name for ringworm Definition Tinea Term Mycoses are associated with what symptoms Definition * Itching * Scaling skin patches Term Only type of fungus that can be transmitted from person-to-person Definition Dermatophytic (superficial) mycoses Term Etiological agents of dermatophytic mycoses Definition * Microsporum * Trichophyton * Epidermophyton Term Treatment of superficial mycoses Definition Topical antifungals (eg, nystatin, miconazole) Term Treatment of refractory lesions associated with dermatophytic mycosis Definition Oral griseofulvin and itraconazole Term Treatment for superficial mycoses of the hair and nails Definition Oral (systemic) therapy Term Fungal infection associated with farming, gardening, and peat moss Definition Sporothrix schenckii (an agent of subcutaneous mycosis) Term Fungal organism associated with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis Definition Sporothrix schenckii Term Etiological agent of mycosis distributed in US midwest and Latin America Definition Sporothrix schenckii Term Inoculation with microconidia of S. schenckii is associatd with what type of lesions? Definition Slow-growing inflammatory nodules or ulcers Term Fungus associated with rose-handler's disease Definition Sporothrix schenckii