Term
| Bacteria capable of intracellular growth |
|
Definition
* Mycobacteria
* Listeria monocytogenes
* Rickettsia |
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Term
| Cytokines produced by macrophages to amplify the innate immune response |
|
Definition
* G-CSF: increases white cell count
* TNF-α: adhesion, respiratory burst, lymphokine synthesis
* NO: vasodilation
* IL-1: pyogen, lymphocyte and neutrophil activation
* IL-6: B cell activation, triggers hepatic synthesis of acute phase reactants |
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Term
| Only process by which antibody diversity is generated following exposure to antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
* S. viridans (α-hemolytic)
* S. mutans
* Bacteroides
* Fusobacterium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
* Small intestine (more aerobic): Enterococci, lactobacilli
* Large intestine, rectum, anus (more anaerobic): Bacteroides, Clostridia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus |
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|
Term
| Normal upper respiratory flora |
|
Definition
* Staphylococcus
* Streptococcus |
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|
Term
| Normal genitourinary tract flora |
|
Definition
* Upper tract: usually sterile
* Lower tract (urethra): facultative aerobic Gram-negative (E. coli, P. mirabilis)
* Females: Lactobacillus, Candida (fungus) |
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|
Term
| Function of diphtheria exotoxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
|
Definition
| Inhibit protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Most common etiological agent of invasive bacterial disease in newborns |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In what host structure does replication and transcription occur during the influenza A growth cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the host cell are virions assembled during an HSV-1 infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Pseudomonas oxidase-positive or -negative? |
|
Definition
| Positive (it's an aerobe -- remember PMMNNH for aerobes) |
|
|
Term
| Basilar skull fracture puts you at risk for infection by what organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Key enzymes involved in neutrophil's oxidative burst |
|
Definition
* NADPH oxidase
* Myeloperoxidase |
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|
Term
| Chemokine causing macrophage to migrate to site of infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine causing macrophage to upregulate receptor expression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine capable of inducing C-reactive protein expression |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Bacteria with superantigens |
|
Definition
* S. pneumoniae
* N. meningitidis |
|
|
Term
| Drug for treating bacterial meningitis that causes gray baby syndrome |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Macrolides niche uses and side effects |
|
Definition
* Pneumonia, upper respiratory infections, chlamydia
* Streptococcus, S. aureus, atypical bacteria (and azithromycin and clarithromycin can also do H. influenzae)
* GI upsets |
|
|
Term
| Linezolid niche uses and toxicities |
|
Definition
* MRSA, VRE
* Thrombocytopenia, serotonin-syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Clindamycin niche uses and toxicities |
|
Definition
* Gram-positive cocci, anaerobes (not B. frag)
* Dental infections, mixed infections with anaerobes
* Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis |
|
|
Term
| Pseudomonas β-lactamase is encoded on chromosome or plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two bacteria with altered binding sites for β-lactam drugs |
|
Definition
* S. pneumoniae
* S. aureus |
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|
Term
| Treatment for nosocomial MRSA |
|
Definition
* Vancomycin
* Linezolid
* Daptomycin |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for community-acquired MRSA |
|
Definition
* Vancomycin
* Linezolid
* Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
* Clindamycin |
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|
Term
| Suffix common to HIV-1 protease inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What antiretroviral drug class is also a potent CYP inhibitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Synonyms for positive and negative selection of T cells |
|
Definition
* Positive selection = MHC restriction
* Negative selection = self tolerance |
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|
Term
| Daptomycin niche uses and side effects |
|
Definition
* MRSA, VRE
* Myopathy, muscle pain |
|
|
Term
| Drug to give AIDS patient to protect against fungal pneumonia |
|
Definition
| TMP-SMX (to protect against Pneumocystis) |
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