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| a giant landmass surrounded by the ocean |
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| Theory of Plate Tectonics |
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| states that Earth's rigid outer shell is broken into plates made up of the crust and upper mantle, known as the lithosphere |
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| an idea that states the continents were once a giant landmass which broke into pieces that moved to the positon they are in today |
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| the natural magnetism in rocks which was gotten from Earth's magnetic field at the time the rock formed |
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| the process that forms new sea floor by magma pushing up from the mantle to the surface at the mid-ocean ridge |
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| when rocks show the magnetism as the present magnetic field |
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| V-shaped valleys found on the ocean bottom- formed where one crustal plate is forced beneath another |
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| the process where the crust is pushed back into the ocean trenches |
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| the area where an oceanic plate moves downward into the upper mantle |
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| the place where 2 plates MOVE APART- creates rift valleys |
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| plates COME TOGETHER IN A COLLISION; causes much pressure and friction - earthquakes often happen here |
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OCEANIC WITH OCEANIC
Convergent Boundary |
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Definition
| subduction occurs with the denser,older plate moving under the younger plate - forms a trench- can create chains of volcanic islands |
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a chain of volcanic islands (usually in a curve)
-example: Japan, Indonesia |
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OCEANIC WITH CONTINENTAL
Convergent Boundary |
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Definition
the oceanic plate pushes up and folds the continental crust on the edge of the continental plate, as the oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate - forms mountain ranges
-examples: Andes of South Anerica; Nothern Cascades of North America |
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CONTINENTAL WITH CONTINENTAL
Convergent Boundary |
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Definition
continental crusts collide and crumple up- forms mountain ranges
example: Himalayas, Appalachians of eastern U.S. |
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transform fault boundaries
(strike-slip boundaries) |
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Definition
two plates grind together and SLIP PAST each other horizontallly, either in the same or opposite direction
-exampe: SanAndreas fault in California |
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| the movement of a gas or liquid caused by changes in temperature - giant convection currents in the earth's mantle cause the movement of crustal plates |
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| the lithosphere that is broken into separate sections |
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| movement of a gas or liquid caused by changes in temperature |
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| where the seafloor is elevated at developed divergent plate boundaries |
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| mountains formed in part by volcanic activity caused by the subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent |
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| rocks that show the opposite magnetism of what exists presently |
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| an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it |
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| the movement of matter resulting from convection |
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| force where the old oceanic crust, which is cool and dense, sinks down and pulls the lithosphere with it |
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| force of gravity causing the cold lithosphere to move away fromthe ridge by sliding down over the asthenosphere, which gets more elevated toward the ridge |
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| a mass of hotter-than-normal mantle material that goes up toward the surface |
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