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Definition
| a large pile of rocks that have wedged loose due to weathering and are usually found at the base of a rocky cliff |
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the breaking apart of rocks without changing their chemical composition
-caused by organic activity,animals,ice wedging,temperature change, and abrasion |
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| when rain water seeps into cracks in rocks; the water freezes and expands. The ice presses against the sides of the cracks and makes the crack bigger |
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| the process where rock cracks and flakes |
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the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
caused by water,carbonation, sulfuric acid, plant acids, oxidation |
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Definition
| a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter( once living), mineral fragments, water and air |
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| the decayed remains of plants and animals; is the organic material in the soil |
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Definition
| a cross section in which layers of soil and bedrock beneath the topmost layer of soil can be seen |
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| one layer of the soil profile that has identifiable characterisitcs produced by chemical wethering |
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Definition
topsoil
-upper most layer
-made of humus and organic material |
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Definition
Subsoil
-second layer of the soil profile
-made up of mostly clay, small pieces of weathered rock and minerals |
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Definition
| the washing away of minerals by water |
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Definition
| occurs when rainwater froma fairly flat area accumulates until it moves down a gentle slope |
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| planting trees to slow the wind and reduce wind erosion |
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Definition
| steplike ridges that follow the contours of a sloped field |
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| soil is plowed in circular bands that follow the shape of the land - prevents gullying |
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Definition
| crops are planted in alternate bands - crops planted in rows are alternated with plants that cover the surface of the land |
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Definition
| a layer of rock and mineral fragments tha covers nearly the entire Earth's surface |
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| soil of humid regions characterized by the accumulation of iron oxides and aluminum |
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Definition
| soil associated with drier areas and contains lots of calcite or calcium carbonate |
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| a red, highly leached soil type found in the tropics thas has oxides of iron and aluminum |
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Definition
| occurs when a small stream forms during heavy rain |
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| occurs when a rill channel becomes broad and deep |
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Definition
a type of erosion where the downhill movement of weathered materials (sediments)is caused by GRAVITY
- can happen slowly or quickly |
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Term
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Definition
loose materials or rock layers SLIP DOWNWARD in ONE LARGE MASS in a QUICK MOVEMENT.
-happens most frequently after earthquakes or heavy continued rains
-evidence: curved scar |
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Definition
when animals, water or periods of freezing and thawing cause solid rock and rock particles to MOVE SLOWLY DOWNWARD
- evidence - leaning posts or trees |
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Definition
a SUDDEN MOVEMENT of soil, rocks and boulders down a slope
-caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, weakening rocks by heavy rains
-evidence: rock pile |
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Definition
a rapid movement of mud down a hill
-occurs when dry soil is quickly saturated with water
-evidence: cone shaped deposit |
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Definition
| occurs when rocks or rock fragments fall freely moves and the speed of movement |
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Definition
| slow-moving downslope movement of water-saturated, clay-rich sediment; often on hillsides in wet regions |
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