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8th Grade Am.History Chapter 3
Terms in Chapter 3 The American Nation
23
History
8th Grade
09/11/2011

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Term
1619
Definition
Large increase in the number of women and Africans in the population of Virginia
Term
Assistance from Native Americans
Definition
Helped the Pilgrims to survive early hardships in their settlement at Plymouth.
Term
Capture of emperor Atahualpa and fighting among themselves
Definition
Helped the Spanish conquistadors defeat the Incas
Term
Disease and starvation
Definition
Challenges faced by the colonists at Jamestown
Term
European diseases and help from neighboring Indian groups
Definition
Helped the Spanish conquistadors defeat the Aztec Empire
Term
Fur trade
Definition
Created conflict between New France and New Netherlands
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
Signers agreed to make and obey laws for the general good before going ashore at Cape Cod, Massachusetts and establishing the Plymouth colony in 1620.
Term
Northwest Passage
Definition
A direct water route to Asia through or around North America, sought by Western European explorers
Term
Protestant Reformation
Definition
Movement that led to the creation of many different Christian churches and rivalries between nations.
Term
Virginia House of Burgesses
Definition
Representative assembly in colonial Virginia; Marks the beginning of representative government in the English colonies.
Term
charter
Definition
Legal document giving certain rights to a person or company.
Term
coureur de bois
Definition
French colonists who lived and worked in the woods and had friendly relations with Native Americans
Term
creoles
Definition
The second highest social class in New Spain; Born in the Americas to Spanish parents, they were often wealthy and well educated.
Term
encomiendas
Definition
Land grants from the Spanish government that included the right to demand labor or taxes from Native Americans.
Term
established church
Definition
Most European nations rulers supported a particular religion to help them maintain order. (e.g.England: Anglican/Protestant, France: Catholic)
Term
mestizos
Definition
People of mixed Spanish and Indian background made up the class just above the Indians, who were the lowest social class in New Spain.
Term
peninsulares
Definition
The highest social class in New Spain; Born in Spain, they held the highest jobs in the government and the Church.
Term
potatoes, tomatoes, maize
Definition
Traveled from the Americas to Europe in the Columbian Exchange
Term
precedent
Definition
Example for others to follow in the future
Term
presidios
Definition
Forts where soldiers lived in New Spain.
Term
pueblos
Definition
Towns in New Spain, which were the centers of farming and trade
Term
pumpkin, cocoa, peanuts
Definition
Traveled from the Americas to Europe in the Columbian Exchange
Term
wheat, bananas, horses, cows
Definition
Traveled from Europe to the Americas in the Columbian Exchange
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