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8/16 Protein Structure 1
Jourd'Heuil1 Theme1
10
Biology
Graduate
08/21/2011

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Term
Amino Acid structure
Definition
1) Alpha carbon center
2) Hydrogen
3) Amino group
4) Carboxyl Group
Term
Ionization states of each residue effects...
Definition
protein structure, stability, solubility and function
Term
Tryptophan
Definition
1) Nonpolar sidechain
2) Used in protein quantification
Term
Proline
Definition
1) Actually an imino acid, because the 3-carbon side group links back to the nitrogen
Term
Nonstandard Amino Acids
Definition
1) created during post-translational modification
2) Involved in intermediate metabolism and other functions
3) ex; Hydroxyproline in collegen! or Citrulline in arginine!
Term
Orthologs
Definition
1) Proteins in different species that came from a common ancestral gene by speciation, very similar functions
Term
Paralogs
Definition
Proteins from the same family, have similar butnot identical function
2) Paralogs can be expressed in the same organism; myoglobin in muscle v hemoglobin in RBC or over time such as fetal versus adult
Term
Homology
Definition
Evolutionary similarly between two protein sequences
Term
Polymorphisms
Definition
Variances in protein sequence that recur with high frequency in a population
Term
Nonconservative Substituion
Definition
Substitution of one amino acid with another of different polarity or size
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