Term
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Definition
1) Made of; Base, Sugar(pentose),and phophates
2) Joined together by phosphodiester linkage between 5' and 3' carbons of pentose |
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Term
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Definition
1) Heterocyclic compounds with rings containing C and N
2) Two kinds; Purines (fused) A and G vs Pyrimidines C,U,T (single ring) |
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Term
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Definition
1) Part of the "backbone"
2) 2' Carbon has OH in RNA and H in DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Mono, Di, and Triphosphates |
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Term
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Definition
1) Adenine/Adenosine/A
2) Guanine/Guanosine/G
3) Thymine/ Thymidine/T
4) Uracil/Uridine/U
5) Cystosine/Cytidine/C |
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Term
| Other Nucleotide functions |
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Definition
1) Energy from phosphoanhydride bonds; ex. ATP
2) Signaling. ex; cAMP
3) Conzymes with other groups. ex; CoA |
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Term
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Definition
1) Double stranded
2) Anti parallel chains with sugar-phosphate oriented outside and bases facing inside
3) Base pair between strands; A/T with 2 bonds and CG with 3
4) Helical structure
5) right handed in B-DNA (most common)
6) Bases spaced at .34nm intervals; complete turn every 3.4nm or 10 bases
7) Has major and minor groove
8) Flexible due to lack of hydrogen bonds between successive bases; bending allows association with proteins
9) Stabilized by H-bonds' base stacking Van Der Waals, and electrostatic repulsion |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Reversible strand seperation; important for replication/transcription and experimental hybridization |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called "Anti-sense"; serves as template for mRNA (U instead of T) |
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Term
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Definition
1) Primary structure similar to DNA
2) More easily altered than DNA
3) Mostly single stranded but can form secondary structres like stems or hairpins via base pairing
4) Viral RNA is double stranded |
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Term
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Definition
1) mRNA
2) tRNA
3) rRNA
4) snRNA
5) microRNA
6) siRNA |
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Term
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Definition
1) DNA that associates with histones and other proteins
2) Consists of histone wrapped by DNA connected by linker DNA
3) 11 nm; Bead on string and at 30nm it is packed chromatin
4) Fully packed is 10k times shorter than extended; Mitotic Chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
1) 146 bp of DNA wrapped 1.65 turns in LEFT hand coil around a histone
2) Linked to other nucleosome by linker DNA (15-80 nucleotides) |
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Term
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Definition
1) Consist of 4 core dimers; H2A/B, H3 and H4.
2) H1 is associated with linker DNA
3) N-tails of core histones are sights of modification and serve a role in signaling for transcription and gene expression
2) |
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Term
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Definition
1) DNA too big to store without compressing
2) Regulate expression
3) Provide stability |
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Term
| Chromatin Remodeling Complexes |
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Definition
1) Driven by ATP
2) Contain proteins with helicase/ATPase activity - Frees up DNA
3) Change position of nucleosomes relative to DNA
4) Change the structure of the nucleosomes
5) Exchange histones in and out of nucleosome |
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Term
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Definition
1) Less packed, contains looped domains of 30 nm fibers
2) Has genes that are actively transcribed
3) Histones are hyperacetylated |
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Term
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Definition
1) Highly condensed; more compact structure
2) associated with gene silencing
3) Hypoacetylated |
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Term
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Definition
| Example of a disease that results from unstable constitutive heterochromatin; causes immunodeficiency and facial anomolies |
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Term
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Definition
| Position Effect Variegation; euchromatin gene translocated to heterochromatic region and becomes silent; ex. cancer cells where tumor supressor genes are silenced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Label chromosomes using probes distinct for each chromosome, lets you see translocations associated with diseases |
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