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| imaginary line that divides the world into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, 0〫latitude |
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| an imaginary line that on one side is earlier than the other |
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| the circle on the earth when on the Summer Solstice, is where the sun is directly above, 23〫N |
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| the description of an area's physical features |
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| the coordinates on the earth where places can be located |
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| imaginary line that divides the world into the Western and Eastern Hemisphere, 0〫longitude |
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| a major circle of latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, 66〫N |
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| The circle on the earth when on the Winter Solstice, is where the sun is directly above, 23〫S |
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| a line that shows a certain elevation in cartography |
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| a triangular area formed by deposits at the mouth of a river |
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| a form of government where everyone is equal |
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| loyalty and devotion to a nation and thinking that your nation is the best |
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| a form of government where there the government controls all production |
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| a government where production is privately owned |
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| a stone water pipe that brought drinking water from wells and springs to people |
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| people who speak a different language |
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| a political unit with a lot of territory |
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| the belief in more than one god |
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| the written record of God's words |
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| a political unit with a lot of territory |
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| the capital of the Ummayad Empire |
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| a small rebelling group in minority with a disagreement with a larger group |
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| a Muslim caliphate that fought for Islam in the east |
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| the addition of one thing to another |
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| the capital of the Abbasid Empire |
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| an empire headed by the family of al Abbas, a supposed uncle of Muhammed and who defeated the Umayyads |
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| the founder of the Umayyad Caliphate |
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| the first West Africans to make iron |
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| throne passes from mother to daughter |
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| the largest desert in the world, located in North Africa |
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| the greatest Muslim trader ever |
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| in which the throne passes from father to son |
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| a strip of grasslands on the border of the Sahara |
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| an ancient agricultural kingdom of the Soninke |
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| the act of a person becoming a servant for life without being paid |
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| someone who goes to a foreign place to teach religion |
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| an ancient language that is spoken in Central & Southern Africa |
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| a Portugese navigator who sailed to India |
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| Trade between Kongo and Portugal |
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| the Kongo kingdom traded slaves |
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| a kingdom that descended from the Bantu speakers |
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| greatest Mongol conqueror and leader |
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| a group of families who claim descent from a common ancestor |
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| an empire in the steppes of Asia that stretched all the way from China to Persia |
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| everyone in the Mongol Empire knew how to ride on a horse, and they could ride before they could walk |
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| capital of the Byzantine Empire, renamed Istanbul by Ottomans |
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| a training system where boys of the age of 8-15 would be recruited to be leaders or generals to strengthen the Ottoman Empire |
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| when an army blockades a town |
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| Genghis Khan's grandson, and the leader of the Mongols who expanded the empire to its height |
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| a Muslim empire that expanded from Europe, down in Arabia, and west in Algeria |
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| a strategy used by an army to fight |
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| warriors who fought to expand the frontiers of Islam |
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| a partially self-governing group of Non-Muslims |
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| the greatest sultan of the Ottoman Empire, expanded it the most, was called Suleiman the Magnificent |
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| called Tamerlane, the founder of the Timurid Dynasty, Mongol conqueror |
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| capital of the Ottoman Empire, former Constantinople |
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| a ruler with a lot of power who uses it abusively |
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| a system of thought and practice based on the teachings of the Buddha |
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| a traveler from Venice who served Kublai Khan as an ambassador and more |
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| a succession of rulers from the same family |
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| a set of beliefs, based on the teachings of Confucius, that focused on proper conduct, respect for elders, scholarship and government service |
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| an economy in which cash is exchanged for goods |
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| a system in which people are chosen and promoted on the basis of their merit |
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| the capital of Japan in 794, known at that time as Heian |
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| a person who rules for a monarch during periods of illness or absence, or during the monarch's youth |
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