Details Title: 6 NCIDQ Mater.Fin.Furn Selecti Description: NCIDQ Section I Multiple Choice Total Flash Cards: 167 Created: 03/24/2009 07:15:43		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Architecture Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term name some general guidelines for material and finish selections Definition 1. obtain as much info about a product being reviewed 2. inform client of selected products along with problems or risks 3. aks the mfgr or mfgr rep about potenial problems with product or failed product installation 4. for each item on the list of comparable projects, obtain owners name, name of design professional responsible, & installation contractor to discuss how effective product was. 5. notify mfgr in writing the intended use of the product & ask for written confirmation that the that the product is appropriate for it's intended use 6. follow mfgr recommodations for detailing and specs - get mfgr written approval of. req shop drawings prep by mfgr or installing contractor, require shop drawings approve by both parties 7. although not ID's responsibility, site visit to ensure procedures are followed 8. in the case of difficult installtion, require mfgr to provide field rep to confirm installation to mfgr rep. SPECS SHOULD REQUIRE ANY INSTALLING CONTRACTOR APPROVED BY MFGR 9. investigate mfgr, distributor and installing contractor - confirm reputable Term what types of information need to be obtained by the mfgr when making a selection? Definition Goal: Obtain as much info as possible -promotional literature -technical data -suggested details -recommended installation procedures -material safety & data sheets (MSDS) -list of comparable projects in which the product has already been used Term MSDS Definition Material Safety & Data Sheet Term what should you inform the client about when it comes to a selected product? Definition any potential problems or risks, and obtain approval for all prducts uses, especially those that are new or used in a unique way Term name some of the overall criteria for selecting m,f & f Definition -function -durability -maintainablity -safety & health -cost Term within function as part of the selection process, what are some of the things to consider? Definition 1. *important* acoustical qualities - NRC 2. aethetics 3. availablity (production time, delivery time) (6+ mo.) 4. choice (visual charecteristics) 5. Installation Method (affects cost & schedule) Term NRC Definition Noise Reduction Coefficient, very important consideration, the lower the cofficient the more noisy it is Term within durability as part of the selection process, what are some of the things to consider? Definition *Consultation of ASTM, ANSI standards 1. Abrasion Resistance 2. Attachment 3. blocking resistance 4. breaking strength 5. chemical resistance 6. coating adheasion 7. cold cracking 8. colorfastness 9. corrosion resistance 10. crocking resistance 11. fabrication quality 12. heat-aging resistance 13. light fastness 14. scrubability 15. shrinkage 16. stain resistance 17. strength/structure 18. tear resistance/strength 19. washability Term Abrasion Resistance Definition Resist wear, maintain appearance, durability criteria Term attachment Definition durability criteria, way in which material is connected to another Term blocking resistance Definition durability criteria, capablity to reisit adheadsion or sticking between 2 surfaces of a WALL COVERING Term Name some charecteristics of selection criteria that most have to do with specific selections Definition WALLCOVERING (& Paint) 1. blocking resistance 2. heat aging resistance 3. resilience WINDOW TREATMENTS 1. Crocking resistance MILLWORK 1. fabrication quality FABRIC 1. breaking strength 2. shrinkage 3. tear resistance/strength 4. resilience (soft floor covering) FLOORING 1. breaking strenght (tile) BEDDING 1. Flammability DOOR HARDWARE, GLAZING, DOORS 1. Security Term breaking strength Definition load that is great enough to break the material Term chemical resistance Definition resistance to damage, change of finish resulting in the exposure to chemicals Term coating adheasion Definition ability of a thin coating to adhere to a substrate Term cold cracking resistance Definition resistance of coated or decorative surfaces to cracking when exposed to low temps Term colorfastness / light fastness Definition resistnce to finish change, loss of color when exposed to light (ultraviolet/sun) Term crocking resistance Definition resists the transfer of color from a wall surface when rubbed Term fabrication quality Definition measure of how well a product is assembled in a factory Term heat aging resistance Definition wall coverings resistance to deterioration due to heat exposure Term scrubability Definition be cleaned repeatedly with a brush & detergent Term shrinkage Definition dimensional decrease when exposed to moisture Term stain resistance Definition resistance change in appearance after appplication and removal of another material. CONSULT MFGR LITERATURE Term strength/structure Definition INHERENT ABILITY to withstand loads placed on it. (support to withstanding wind loads) Term tear resistance/strenght Definition resitance of a thin material to the progagation of an existing tear Term washability Definition ability to be cleaned with a sponge and detergent, removal of surface dirt Term name some componets of selecting m, f & f regarding maintainablity Definition 1. cleanability -ease of cleaning 2. repairability - ease of repairing 3. resilience- recover to orginal shape & size after deformation 4. self healing 5. sustainablity - cradle to cradle Term name some componets of selecting m, f & f regarding safety Definition 1. finish safety 2. flammability 3. mold & mildew 4. outgassing (VOC's, CFC's, etc) 5. Slip resistance 6. VOC's Term finish safety Definition no sharp edges or projections Term flammability Definition ASTM E84 Steiner Tunnel Test flame spread, smoke developed, and fuel combusted Term ASTM E648 Definition Flooring Radient Panel Test carpet - Class 1 or Class 2 rating Class 1 - corridors/exits of hosptials, nursing & detention. Class 2 exits of other occupancies except 1/2 family dwellings measures flame spread higher the number, the more resistant same as NFPA 253 Term ASTM 662 Definition Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density Smoke Generated by Solid Materials (SMOKE BY SOLID MATERIALS) MEASURES THE SMOKE GIVEN OFF BY FLAMING or smoldering material or finish most codes require > or =450 same as NFPA 258 Term ASTM D2859 Definition Test for Ignition Charecteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials or meth pill test Carpet. DOC FF-1 Term NFPA 265 Definition Corner Room Test (may be required instead of E84 Stiener Tunnel) determined the contributuion of interior walll and ceiing coverings to room fire growth. textile wall covering pass or fail rating Term NFPA 286 Definition Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EValuationg Contribution of Wall & Ceiling Finish to Room Fire Growth. addersss concerns iwth finishes that do not remain in place during testing of E84. ALL MATERIALS OTHER THAN TEXTILES. evalutes what extent to finishes contributing to fire growth Term NFPA 701 Definition Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propogation of Textiles and Films WINDOW TREATMETNS pass or fail Term security Definition protection against theft, vandelism, harm. Term factors of cost when selecting m, f, f Definition first cost and life cycle cost Term name some good resources for comparing materials Definition best - sweets (in CSI masterformat) merchandise mart showrooms Term what are the some of the resources for testing and selection STANDARDS Definition ASTM ANSI CSA (Canada) entire collections of standards may be purchased, otherwise brief info Term why is it important to document the evaluation and selection process? Definition 1. required for client review 2. back up infor for billing 3. guard against claims of negligience Term negligence Definition the failure to use the care ordinarliy exercised in similar cases by other qualified members & failure to use reasonable dilegence and best professional judgement Term what governing body is responsible for FF & E contracts? Definition Uniform Commerical Code Term advantages/disadvantages of ready made furniture Definition dis: 1. limited but often still good variety of product adv: 1. can physically look at/touch piece, confirm appropriateness 2. knowing its cost 3. guarentees 4. ability to judge quality on finished piece Term advantages/disadvantages of custom designed furniture Definition adv: 1. ID can get exactly what want dis: 1. piece must be correctly designed, mfgred 2. responsibilty of overall quality 3. time investment 4. cost Term advantages/disadvantages of built in furniture Definition adv: 1. more efficient use of space dis: 1. less flexible than others 2. more difficult to change Term what is appropriate to look at when selecting seating Definition use, comfort, adaptable to a wide range of body types/sizes, strong, durable finish -must be appropriate for the function -must be appropriate for the concept Term what is appropriate to look at when selecting a table Definition 1. accurate dimensions for the function 2. sturdy support 3. durable surface 4. color & texture that will giv ethe correct light reflectivity for the visual task performed 5. plan enough space in certain situations (i.e., dining, conference) Term what is an appropriate space for 1 person at a dining or conference table so they are not crowded? Definition 24-30" 24" seems to be good for dining Term name some common types of tables Definition dining, conference, work surface and occasional Term name some common types of tables Definition dining, conference, work surface and occasional Term what are the components of a workstation? Definition work surface & storage, with a possible attached return at a lower height for a keyboard -may have a seperate credenza and file cabinet, bookcase Term {image:http://www.neublack.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/aura-modern-credenza-01.jpg|center} Definition credenza Term perimeters for storage Definition types and size of items to be stored, location of storage, how oftenr stored items to be accessed, and desired visibility Term components of a bed Definition mattress, supporting framework Term name some types of supporting framework for a bed Definition headboard, footboard, bedposts Term name some alternative sleeping furniture Definition floor pads, water beds, bunk beds, trundle beds, sofa beds murphy bed; canopies, built in lighting Term name the 3 basic varieties of systems furniture Definition 1. freestanding panels and furniture 2. various panel lengths & heights with a linke to support work surface and storage units 3. L or U shaped workstation that include worksurface, storage, etc. *storage portion of this type is usually high enough to act as a barrier 2 & 3 usually contain taks and sometimes ambient lighting Term what are some of the criteria for furniture selection? Definition -piece of furniture -type of peole using it -adjustablity -finish requirements -durability -comfort -sized correctly -safety -ease of use -aethetics -quality -cost -maitenence -anticipate replacement time -finish -life cycle & initial costs Term if someone is going to sit in a chair for long periods of time, what is a criteria that should be considered when selecting a chair? Definition adjustability Term COM Definition customer's own material Term 2 types of fibers Definition natural & synthetic Term 2 types of natural fibers Definition cellulosic (plant) and protein (animal) Term charecteristics & uses of wool Definition -one of the best fibers for all fabrics -great for carpet -fiber weak but yarn excellent resilience -excellent elasticity -resistant to soil -easily cleanable -will burn when exposed to flame, but self extinquishing dis: -expensive -can be stretched (not dimensionally stable) Term waht is wool good for? Definition drapery, upholstry, carpet Term cotton charecteristics Definition -comes formt he seed heairs of the plant -relatively inexpensive -good tensile strength -moderate good abrasion resistnace -poor resiliance -poor recovery properties -degrades under prolonged sun exposure -burns readily -subject to mildew Term linen charecteristics & uses Definition -made from fibers of flax plant -BAST FIBER -seldom used for upholstry because -lacks resilliance -lacks flexibility -susptable to abrasion -does not take printed dyes well -most is tow linen, made from short fibers of plant (which makes them dimensionally stable & resistant to fading) -good for draperies & wallcoverings Term bast fiber (def & types) Definition derived from a stalk of a plant -jute, ramie, & hemp Term filament Definition continious fiber Term silk uses & charecteristics Definition -silkworm larve (cocoon) -good reslience & flexibility -high luster -very expensive -degrades in sunlight Term rayon uses & charecteristics Definition FINISH THIS -regenerated celluolisc fiber Term what are some of the charecteristics of rayon Definition cellulosic fiber. appears it comes from wood? -poor resilience -poor resistance to sunlight -high absorbancy -resistance to water & moisture - flammable -SELDOM USED FOR UPHOLSTRY Term charecteristics/uses of acetate Definition -regenerated cellulosic fiber, acetic acid, & other chemicals -low cost -flammable -does not wear well (like rayon) -in inital state, poor sunlight resistance -triacetate is a variation, with a higher ratio of acetate that improves againg, flammability and resistance to sunlight Term nylon charecteristics Definition -ONE OF MOST POPULAR SYN. FIBERS -expetionally strong - high resliency -high elasticity -resistance to many chemicals -resistance to water -resistance to microorganisms (germs) -usually combined with other syn's or naturals to obtain superior advantages of both Term acrylic Definition -often used to replace WOOL because of its appearance - moderate/good strenght -moderate/good resiliance - resistant to sunlight - can be flammable Term Modacrylics Definition - moderate/good strenght -moderate/good resiliance - resistant to sunlight - OFTEN USED AS OPPOSED TO ACRYLICS because its greater resistance to heat and flame Term tow Definition untwisted bundle of continious fibers, modacrylic is one, flax, hemp, jute Term staple fiber Definition fibers that are held together through a cross fiber. like wool Term olefin Definition -cheap -high resistant to chemicals, mildew & microorganisms -nonabsorbant -low resistance to sunlight -low resistance to flame -low resistance to heat -commonly used in carpet & carpet backing Term polyester Definition -desirable -good resliance -good elasticity -high resistance to solvents -good sunlight resistance -undesirable burning properties -can be treated to make it flame resistant -absorbs & holds oily materials Term name some speciality fibers Definition Avora, Crypton, Gore these fibers developed by mfgrs to meet specific needs Term avora FR Definition polyester yarn uses modified polymer to is permently flame resistant. easty to clean, abrasion resistant, crease proof, dimensionally stable, and do not treatin ordders or support bacteria Term avora Definition specialty fabric - a FIBER - polyester yarn, permanently flame resistant regardless of wear or washings. easty t clean, abrasioin resistant, crease proof, dimesionally stable, does not retain odors & bacteria Term crypton Definition speciality fabric, a FABRIC, made by a process of immersion in a chemical solution followed by a heat set to form a durable coating ON THE FACE. then given a polyurethane spray on back. is stain, water, flame and bacteria resistant. is available in a variety of construction, upholstery, wallcoverings, bedspreads, shower curtains. GOOD FOR HEALTHCARE FACILITIES where durability and fire resistance are important. Term Gore Definition Gore seating protection is an upholstry fabric lamination and treatment process that APPLIES a breathable moisture barrier to the BACK of a fabric and a TOPICAL coating to the front of the fabric. Term when selecting a fabric, what are some of the factors Definition function, aethetic, cost, availablity Term what are some of the criteria for selecting a fabric? Definition durability, flammability, dimensional stability, maitenence, appearance, scale, comfort, touch Term durability Definition resistance to abrasion, fading, staining, abuse, and cleanability. most important: RESISTANT TO ABRASION Term how is abrasion resistance determined? Definition type of fiber, how the yarn is made & applied to the piece, the fabric's backing, and the undercusion Term how is the best durability acheived? Definition use of strong, smooth fibers like nylon or wool, having the yarn tightly twisted, specifying heavy or thick fabrics, using close set weaves, employing relatively soft undercushions for the fabric to flex Term where is flammability considerations most important Definition public areas Term flammibity & fibers Definition -some inherently retardent -some treated with chemicals -many states and fed agencies have standards Term what is a bad flame retardant? Definition Poly-brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE's) due to health concerns Term what fibers are self extinguishing when put then removed from a flame? what fibers do not? Definition wool & nylon - extinquish cotton & olefin - don't extinquish Term fabrics that are most to least resistant of fire Definition -wool -silk -modacrylic -nylon -olefin -polyester -acrylic -acetate -cellulosic fibers (cotton, linen, rayon) Term dimensional stablity Definition FABRIC'S ability to retain shape and fit over cushioning without sagging, wrinkling, stretching, or tearing. -fabric should be able to retain it's original shape without after being deformed by use. CRITICAL THAT A FABRIC AND CUSHION BE MATCHED. Term what can cause a problem with a fabric and cushion Definition -they must coordinate in dimensional stability so that they can resist problems Term what can happen if a fabric is applied over a larger cushion Definition it can stretch or slip. this is resolved through attaching the fabric by buttoning, tufting, or channeling Term buttoning vs. tufting Definition secures fabric to the cushion -buttoning: lightly tensioned button & thread -tufting: pulled tightly resulting in a deeply folded surface Term channeling Definition secures fabric to the cushion in parallel rows Term what are the primary factors for appearance when selecting a fabric Definition that it coordinates with the furniture and the space around it Term how can fabrics and cushioning affect the comfort of furniture? Definition breathablity, resiliance, surface texture, finish Term which is more comfortable, rough or smooth fabrics? Definition smooth Term what type of fabric can make it difficult to slide into seating? Definition heavily textured Term what does choice of cushioning and seaming affect on furniture Definition comfort, wearablity, flammability Term name some cushioning materials Definition cotton batting, poly-ester batting, polyurethane foam, latex foam, rubberized fibers, shredded fibers Term how is cushioning supported Definition either stand alone, coiled or sinuous spring support Term what type of cushioning poses a high flammibility Definition untreated cellular plastic cushioning: polyurethane, polystyrene, polythylene, polypropylene, PVC and ABS, cellulose acetate, epoxy, phenolic, urea, silicone, foamed latex Term what time of batting has fire resistance issues Definition cotton batting with cigerette ignition Term what is a good choice for cushioning where flammability resistance is a concern? Definition polyester batting over cotton batting Term list in order the padding types that are most to least resistant to small flame and cigarette Definition neoprene, combustion modified polyurehtane -polyester batting -smolder & flame resistant polyurethane foam -smolder-resistant and flame resistant cellulosic batting -mixed fiber batting -untreated polyurethane foam -cellulosic batting -latex foam (rarely used) Term smolder resistance Definition aka cigarette ignition resistance -affected by combo of fabric, cushioning, and seating construction -hazards are increased if tufting or decroative treatment is used due to lodging Term what type of cording should be avoided when smoldering is an issue? Definition welting and similar seaming Term railroading Definition application of fabric to furntirue so that there are no intermediate seem details. also used when vertical stripes on a fabric must run horizontally Term what is the appropriate way to specify seating when considering smoldering? Definition specify backs and seats are seperated by at least 1 inch to avoid lodging Term how can the upholstery safety be enhanced? Definition -treating for flammabilty with cushions with a chemical -add liners to provide a barrier that slows or inhibits the spread of heat and flame from fabric to the cushion Term what types of batting can be chemically treated to increase their resistance to flame spread? Definition -cotton batting & polyurethane foam Term name the 3 performance criteria needed for comfort and wearabilty in cushioning Definition density, ILD, support ratio Term density Definition mass per volume of a cushion, expressed as lbm/ft3. the greater the density, the greater the support and cost. note, high density foam does not necessarily provide a firm cushion Term FPF Definition flexible polyurethane foam -used in cushioning -density ranges from .8 lbm/ft3 to 6.0 lbm/ft3 Term what is the range for fom density in a cushion Definition 0.9 lbm/ft3 to 2.5 lbm/ft3 Term ILD Definition INDENTATION LOAD DEFLECTION aka INDENTATION FORCE DEFLECTION -determined by a metal plant with an 8" diameter pushed against a 4" thick foam. the no. of lbps required to compress the foam down 1" (or 25%) is the ILD rating -higher ILD rating means a firmer foam Term what does an ILD rating of 35lbm mean? Definition 35lbm were required to compress the foam sample 25% of its height Term what ILD rating is considered a soft foam? a firm foam?K Definition soft - less then 25 - firm, greater than 50 Term support ratio Definition aka support factor aka compression modulus -ratio required to compress a foam sample to 65% of its original thickness to the force required to compress a sample to 25% of its original thickness -the higher the support facor is, the beatter the foam's abilty to support weight Term what is a good support ratio for firm seating (institutional, healthcare, assembly) Definition 2.25 to 4.0 Term what support ratio should be used for moderate firmness for light to medium use seating Definition 2.0 to 2.5 Term what support ratio should be used for backs of chairs and booths? Definition under 2.0 Term how does cushioning affect wearability? Definition firm cushions - better support, usually more appropriate -soft undercushioning permits fabric to give and resists grinding action of normal use Term how is fabric abraded (rubbed away)avoided when concerned with wearability Definition pulled tightly over sharp corners or welts Term charecteristics of flammability Definition - resistance to ignition, flame spread, smoke development, heat prevention, contribution to a fire, prevention of toxic gas release Term NFPA 253 (ASTM E648) Definition flooring radiant panel test floor finishes -carpet, resilient floors, floor coverings in corridors Term reslilant flooring Definition is a type of flooring which is designed to be durable, resistant to stains and water, and comfortable to stand and work on. Term ASTM D2859 Definition methenamine pill test floor finishes -carpets and rugs Term ASTM E119 Definition wall floor and ceiling assembly test flooring/ceiing construction -fire ratings of walls, structures & floors assmeblies Term ASTM E84 Definition steiner tunnel test flame srpead rating of finishes wall finishes ceilings Term NFPA 265 Definition room corner test wall finishes contribution to wall fire growth full mock up Term NFPA 258 Definition smoke density chamber test -wall finishes -smoke developed from flamming and nonflamming materials Term ASTM E119 Definition wall floor and ceiling assembly test wall construction Term UL 10B Definition endurance test of doors to flame and heat transfer fire tests of door assemblies Term ASTM E163 Definition endurance of glazing for 45 minutes to flame & heat transfer fire tests window assemblies Term NFPA 260 (CAL TB 117) Definition cigarette ignition resistiance furntiure & components - fabric & fillings Term NFPA 261 (CAL TB 116) Definition cigarette ignition resistiance furntiure & components - mockup - seat cushion and liner and fabrics Term NFPA 266 (CAL TB 133) Definition cigarette ignition resistiance furntiure & components - full seat test - sample chair tested Term vertical ignition test Definition NFPA 701 draperies, cushions & window treatments 2 test procedures tests flame spread 1 tests for lighter fabrics 1 test for heavier fabrics that are used in lining, etc. -equivilant to UL 214 Term cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture components Definition NFPA 260 CAL TB 117 resistance of upholstered furniture compentents and seperately to flame ignition fill materials Term cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture composites Definition NFPA 261 CAL TB 116 resistance of upholstered furniture compentents and seperately to flame ignition full furniture assmebly Term full seat test Definition NFPA 266 CAL TB 133 fire charecteristics of upholstered furniture eposed to a flame ignition source -evaluates open flame on a chair rate of heat release (intensity of fire generated) Term char Definition material remaining from incomplete combustion Term fire resistance Definition property of a material or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it Term flammable Definition capable of burning with a flame, subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion Term flame resistance Definition withstnd flame or give protection from it Term flame retardant Definition ONLY USED AS A MODIFIER as a treamtent *should not be used unless describing a chemical for that purpose Term smoldering Definition combustion without flame, generate smoke, toxic gases and heat Term AATCC Definition American society of textile chemists and colorists Term CFFA Definition chemical fabrics and film association Term Wyzenbeck abrasion resistance test Definition ASTM D4157 / CFFA-1 tests abrasion resistance of woven textiles fabric rubbed back and forth Term how many double rubs for a good fabric? for light duty? meduim duty? heavy duty? Definition 15,000 good -light 3,000 -medium 9000 heavy 15,000 Term Taber abraser test Definition ASTM D3884 abrasion resistance of textiles, carpet rubs of 2 wheels then breakage reports no. of revolutions to breakage Term martindale abrasion test Definition ASTM D4966 -tests textile fabrics with a low pile -similar to wyzenbeck Term fade-omedter test Definition AATCC 16 color fastness, light exposure 6 test options with continious light lamp to xenon color of exposed fabric compared to initial sample min 80 exposure hours Term crocking resistance test Definition AATCC 8 -resistance of a colored textile to transifer its color to other surfaces by rubbing Term tearing strength test, tongue method Definition ASTM D2261 tearing resistance to fabrics after initial ccut has been made in the fabric testing by tearing apperatuces Term bacterial resistance test Definition AATCC 147 tests bacteria activity on textile fabric placed in contact with bacteria Term name some additional test methods used for wearability Definition fungus resistance, cold crack resistance, flex resistance, seam strength, shirange, water vapor transmittion Term BIFMA Definition Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers of America -develops test standards for commerical furniture called ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-X5.6 Term when communicating f, f, m to a client, what kind of back up support should you use? Definition data sheets, mock ups