Term
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Definition
• G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase (not mitosis)
• Cell replicates DNA during S phase
• Majority of cell’s life—grows and does normal functions |
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Term
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Definition
• The part of a cell’s life where it divides into two identical daughter cells
• Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
• Around 10% of a cell’s life
• Diagram on page 109 |
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Term
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Definition
• Inside nucleus
o Chromatin fold together chromosomes
o Pairs of identical chromosomes bound together with centromeres
o Nuclear envelope desintigrates
• In cytoplasm
o Centriole pairs start moving to ends of cell, miotic spindle forms |
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Term
| Chromatin, Chromatid, Chromosome |
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Definition
• During prophase, chromatin fold together chromosome
• Strands of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| • A microtubule that binds a pair of two identical chromosomes together |
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Term
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Definition
• Two pairs outside of nucleus in animal cells at beginning of mitosis
• Made of parts of the cytoskeleton
• Go to ends of cell during phrophase
• Connected by miotic spindle |
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Term
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Definition
• Microtubules that connect the pairs centrioles
• Help move chromosomes to opposite ends of cell in anaphase
• Attach to centromeres of chromosome pairs |
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Term
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Definition
• Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate in middle of cell
• Centrioles at poles of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| • Cell starts to pull itself apart—pairs of chromosomes separate, miotic spindle pulls them |
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Term
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Definition
• Two daughter cells form—membrane starts forming between them
• Chromosomes become less dense and nuclear envelopes form around them
• Cytokinesis
• The end of mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
• Organelles of the cell migrate to differnent poles
• Part of telophase |
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Term
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Definition
• No centrioles
• Cytokinesis happens inside the cell because of rigid cell wall
• Vesicles make polysaccharides cell plate new cell wall between daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
• Process where sex cells are made—gametes
• Two parts—meiosis I and meiosis II |
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Term
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Definition
• Crossing over during prophase I—other phases are similar to mitosis
• Ends with two daughter cells, non-identical
• Each has two copies of same half-set of chromosomes, these two copies are same except for crossing over |
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Term
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Definition
| • No DNA replication first results in haploid cells |
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Term
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Definition
| • Haploid cells (one set of each chromosome) |
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Term
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Definition
• The chromosomes get a little bit mixed up complete chromosomes with segments from different chromosomes
• Happens during prophase I
• Helps produce genetic variation |
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Term
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Definition
• Ring tightens to separate cells in cytokinesis during cell division
• Animal cells |
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Term
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Definition
• Happens during prophase I of meiosis
• Pairing of homologous chromosomes—allows for crossing over |
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Term
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Definition
• Two pairs of aligned homologous chromosomes
• During meiosis, made during late prophase I |
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