Term
| 4 types of microcirculation formed by small BVs |
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Definition
1. Usual: artery-->arteriole-->metarteriole-->capillary-->venule-->vein
-Nutritional
2. Arterovenous anastomosis: arteriole-->venule
-Non-nutritional
-Skin (heat), penis, clitoris
3. Arterial portal system: arteriole-->capillary-->arteriole
-Non-nutritional filter
-Kidney glomerulus
4. Venule portal system: venule-->capillary-->venule
-Non-nutritional filter
-Liver |
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Term
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Definition
-Thickening, hardening of arterial wall (NOT veins)
-Caused by atherosclerotic plaque
-Plaque composed of lipid, cells, CT deposited in tunica intima
-May cause MI and/or stroke
**Chronic inflammatory disease |
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Term
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Definition
Deposit of lipid in tunica intima
-Yellow swelling on endothelial surface
-1st stage- may or may not lead to plaque |
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Term
| Atherosclerotic plaque development |
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Definition
1. Endothelial cell damaged
2. Monocyte diapedesis into tunica intima
3. Monocyte differentiate into macrophage
4. Macrophage take up excess LDL (lipids) --> foam cells
5. Foam cells release GFs and cytokines acting on smooth muscle
6. Smooth muscle migrate from media into intima and surround foam cells
7. Smooth muscle produce collagen and fibronectin, forming smooth muscle cap |
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Term
| Lipid core triggers inflammatory response attracting T cells |
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Definition
-Attract T-cells (IL-2) to produce metalloproteinases
-Together with T-cells weaken fibrous cap→susceptible to fracture
**Lymphocytes present in plaque=inflammation
*Fibrous cap forms underneath endothelial cells |
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Term
| MI or stroke can be caused by plaque because |
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Definition
| Plaque can block BV blood flow or break off and block BV in brain |
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Term
| Endocardium is continuous with the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The myocardium is continuous with the... |
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Definition
Tunica media
Major difference- cardiac vs. smooth muscle |
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Term
| Risk factors for atherosclerosis |
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Definition
1. Hyperlipidemia- high blood [lipid/cholesterol]
2. Smoking- damage endothelial cells
3. Hypertension- physically injure BV
4. Turbulence- not under our control; damage endothelial cells at arterial branch points |
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Term
| Unlike circulatory system, lymph flows... |
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Definition
| In one direction- towards the heart |
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Term
| Purpose of the circulatory system carried out by lymph |
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Definition
****Lymph leaves BV and becomes EC fluid- takes nutrients and oxygen to tissues
****EC fluid picks up waste products and CO2 |
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Term
| Flow of lymph is like veins: |
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Definition
-Valves (tunica intima with collagen and elastic fibers)
-Circulation aided by:
1. Contraction of skeletal muscle
2. pulsation of nearby A.s compress lymph vessels
3. Presence of valves permits lymph to move in one direction
4. Pressure changes due to respiratory muscles
5. Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of walls of lymphatic ducts and trunks |
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Term
| Distinguishing characteristic b/t lymph capillaries and blood capillaries |
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Definition
Discontinuous, fragmented, indistinct basal lamina of lymph capillaries
-AF of elastic fiber system hold open lymphatic capillaries
-Anchors them to surrounding CT |
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